保存中心主義から遺産を活かす方向へ

――アンコール世界遺産地域におけるプロセス――

抄録

  This article demonstrates the changing concept of heritage and approaches towards it, using the case study of the Angkor World Heritage Site in Cambodia. First, it explores the earlier European approaches to the heritage which was conservation-centric and influenced the way international organizations such as UNESCO developed the World Heritage programme. In parallel with the popularization of heritage, the concept has broadened, incorporating intangible heritage, where a more holistic approach is required for the management of heritage sites. A vast heritage site with living populations such as Angkor is now referred to as a living heritage site without the content of "living" sufficiently explored. The ideal and reality often contradict, and more and more contestations have developed, especially between the national authorities and local populations, and between conservationists and promoters of tourism development. Resident populations are often restricted in their socio-economic and cultural practices.

  Showing macro and micro pictures of what has been taking place in both the international arena and heritage sites, this article emphasises the need of anthropological approaches to the study and management of heritage sites as well as that the broadening heritage concept provides a worthwhile new horizon for anthropologists to explore.