数種Datura属植物培養組織における生長とアルカロイド生成

抄録

1. Callus tissues were obtained from the stems and seeds of Datura stramonium L., D. stramonium var. tatula (L.) TORREY, D. stramonium L. var. godronii DANERT, and D. innoxia MILL. on the RM-1964 medium supplemented with 10^-6M 2, 4-D and 0-2 ppm kinetin. Factors affecting the growth and alkaloid content of the callus were examined. 2. The growth of callus tissue was best when cultured with glucose or sucrose ; and mannose, maltose, and fructose were also utilized by the callus tissue. 3. Growth and alkaloid content of the callus decreased when cultured on a meduim supplemented with a single nitrogen source instead of a mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate contained in the basal medium. 4. When callus tissues were cultured on media containing various concentrations of 2, 4-D and kinetin, the best growth was obtained at 10^-5M 2, 4-D, although alkaloid content was the lowest in the same concentration of 2, 4-D. Higher concentrations of kinetin tended to decrease alkaloid content. 5. Free amino acids in callus tissue were analyzed by paper chromatography ; glutamine and asparagine were abundant, and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and serine were also detected. 6. Addition of the precursors to the medium was not effective for alkaloid production excepting DL-tropic acid (500 μM) and tropine (250μM). Peptone and yeast extract increased alkaloid content to 0.034% and 0.038%, respectively. 7. Thin-layer chromatograms of alkaloids in callus tissues resembled one another regardless of the differences in species or substances added to the medium. Atropine, scopolamine, tropine, apoatropine, and five unidentified alkaloids were detected.