Objectives: We performed this study to determine the early success and outcomes of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG), dissecting the lower part of the stomach to treat gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods: Clinical data, preoperative diagnosis, evaluation of intraoperative lesions, surgical techniques, postoperative pathology, and surgical results of 106 gastric cancer patients who underwent TLG and Billroth II gastrojejunal-anastomosis with a Hofmeister-Finsterer reconstruction and D2 lymphadenectomy from January 2019 to August 2020 were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 17.0. We used the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association standards for the clinical and pathological definitions.

Results: Of the 106 cases, 76 were males and 30 were females. The average age was 59.33 ± 12.20 years, and the average duration of surgery was 136.37 ± 26.08 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 18.08 ± 10.95 mL. The average length of hospital stay was 8.63 ± 3.89 days. The average post-surgical time to pass flatus was 4.18 ± 1.4 days and that of restarting diet was 3.27 ± 1.08 days. There were no intraoperative complications, and no laparotomy was required. Gastrointestinal anastomosis was performed with Hofmeister-Finsterer reconstruction. General postoperative complications consisted of seven (6.58%) cases: one (0.94%) anastomotic leakage, one (0.94%) gastrojejuno-colic fistula, three (2.82%) early small bowel obstructions, and two (1.89%) late small bowel obstructions. No intra-abdominal bleeding, duodenal stump leakage, pancreatitis, surgical site infections, intra-abdominal abscesses, or fatal cases were recorded.

Conclusions: Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG) treating stomach cancer and D2 lymphadenectomy has shown positive results, with a low postoperative complication rate and safe implementation process to help patients achieve faster recovery and a shorter hospital stay.

Background: We investigated the risk factors for recurrence in high risk stage II colorectal cancer patients over 75 years old.

Methods: This study included 79 patients who underwent primary colorectal surgery at Minami Kyousai Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age over 75 years old, (2) histologically confirmed stage II colorectal adenocarcinoma after curative surgery, and (3) no other active malignancy. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors for recurrence.

Results: The recurrence free survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery were 92.6%, 78.8%, and 61.9%. The risk factors for recurrence were tumor location and lymph-node dissection.

Conclusion: This study revealed that left-sided colorectal cancer and under D2 dissection are risk factors for recurrence of stage II colorectal cancer in the elderly. Patients with these risk factors should be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: The relationship between the length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and long-term survival after pancreatectomy was investigated.

Patients and methods: Data of 295 patients who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2007 and 2014 were analyzed.

Results: Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 228 patients, and portal vein resection was performed in 118 patients. Postoperative complications of any grade occurred in 165 patients, and median postoperative hospital stay was 20 days (7–189 days). No complications of any grade affected the postoperative survival. However, postoperative hospital stay was significantly correlated poor prognosis (median survival time: 14 months in patients with a hospital stay >6 weeks and 26 months in those with a hospital stay <6 weeks, p = 0.008). Multivariate analyses for the long-term prognosis identified 5 independent factors: lymph node metastases (odds ratio [OR]: 2.92, p < 0.001), absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 1.73, p = 0.002), elevated serum level of CA19-9 ≥300 U/ml (OR: 1.79, p < 0.001), age >70 (OR: 1.39, P = 0.038) and postoperative hospital stay ≥6 weeks (OR: 1.82, p = 0.005). The types of complication and severe complications with grade IIIb/IV of Clavien-Dindo classification were not found to be related to the survival.

Conclusion: In the present study, Clavien-Dindo classification was not associated with long-term survival rates after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The length of postoperative hospital stay is related to the long-term survival after pancreatectomy.

Background: Prostate cancer is a momentous health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer in Sudan is the third most common cancer type. The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in prostatic tumors is still not fully understood. The findings of studies testing the association between HER2/neu expression and prostate cancer have been inconsistent.

Objectives: To demonstrate the association between ages, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and prostate cancer.

Design: Retrospective.

Settings: Sudan University for Science and Technology and National Health Laboratory (NHL) in Khartoum state Republic of Sudan.

Patients and methods: Two paraffin sections were taken, one stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin to confirm the diagnosis, the other stained using primary antibodies to HER2 protein with immunohistochemistry method using the DAKO Hercep Test^TM protocol.

Sample size: Forty-six paraffin blocks were included in this study; 36 specimens were medium-grade and high-grade cancers and ten specimens were low-grade cancer.

Results: The mean age of the study group was 64 years. Prostatic cancer grades revealed, 10 (21.7%) patients with Gleason Group = 3 + 3, 2 (4.3%) patients with Gleason Group = 3 + 4, 11 (23.9%) patients with Gleason Group = 4 + 3, and 23 (50%) patients with Gleason Group = 4 + 4. Positive Her2 was found to be associated with high-grade (GG8) and medium-grade (GG7) compared to low-grade prostatic cancer (GG6).

Conclusions: The current study was a clue for a possible association between HER2/neu and prostatic cancer, and further studies might elucidate this connection.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the intestine that affects adults more than children, and can be associated with serious long-term complications like colon cancer. Nutrition has an important role in the management of patients with IBD which can ameliorate macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies in these individuals, and may reverse the physiopathological consequences of such deficiencies, and exert an anti-inflammatory therapeutic benefit. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the differences between macro and micro-nutrients intake among IBD cases and IBD-free controls in a selected sample of Jordanian adults.

Methods: A case control study was conducted between November 2018 and December 2019. Three hundred thirty-five Jordanian adults aged between 18-68 years were recruited: 185 were recently diagnosed with IBD (100 (n = UC) and 85 (n = CD)) and 150 IBD-free controls. Nutrients intake and dietary data were collected from all participants using validated food frequency questionnaire.

Results: The IBD group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher intake of energy from fat, saturated fat, amount of total protein, carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, MUFA, trans-fat and cholesterol compared to the control group. Besides, the IBD group showed significant (p < 0.05) higher intakes of vitamins A, D, E, B12, C and folate, beta-carotene, retinol, calcium, potassium, iron, Omega-3 and Omega-6 when compared to the control group. However, the control group had a higher intakes of vitamin K and caffeine when compared to the IBD group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Nutrients consumption in IBD patients often changes because of the impaired digestive tract function which may negatively impact the intake and status of macro- and micronutrients. Patients with IBD had a higher intake of some macro and micro-nutrients when compared to the control group, while the control group had higher intake of vitamin K and caffeine when compared to the IBD.

Background: The present study attempted to clarify the typical anatomical variants of Thyroglossal cysts (TGC).

Patients and methods: Clinically and epidemiologically 67 previously non-experienced patients with TGC 1.5 to 73.0 years old were examined.

Results: Based on clinical and ultrasound examinations of 121 patients with 67 thyroglossal cysts, the most typical cyst of anatomical variations was specified. It was noted that, concerning the hyoid bone, thyroglossal cysts may be suprahyoid (located at the root of the tongue), parahyoid (broadly adjoining the hyoid), prelingual (located in the front of the hyoid in the hypo lingual region), postlingual (located behind the hyoid bone in the prenatal and peri-laryngeal spaces), or sublingual (located the book from the hyoid bone). An ultrasound examination facilitated the identification of thyroglossal cysts without clinical manifestations (23 sublingual cysts among 37 [62.2%] were incidentally revealed by the ultrasound examination), which is important when selecting the most appropriate surgical treatment.

Conclusion: Ultrasound studies facilitate the identification of TGCs located at the root of the tongue without any clinical manifestations, which is important when determining the degree of surgical treatment to perform.

Mathematical models have been proposed in different aspects of disease dynamics over the last few decades. Mathematical modelling gives a better insight, which helps us to understand the biological process during disease period. In this review work, we have discussed some well-known research work on cancer dynamics performed by researcher for different aspects through mathematical modelling. We have found few significant works, which have been discussed by us in a systematic manner. Treatment of cancer is also a wide research area for medical sciences and health care systems. For these aspects, few works are discussed here based on the different treatment regimens. We have found that combination of two or more therapies may perform well in cancer eradication processes than a monotherapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia robustly affecting the normal proliferation and maturation procedure of human hematopoietic myeloid lineage. Nowadays, Flavonoids, well-known types of natural product, because of their acceptable efficacy and lower side effects have attracted increasing consideration in the context of AML therapy using natural products and herbal medicine. Herein, we evaluated flavonoid kaempferol (KAE) and quercetin (QUE) on acute myeloid leukemia THP-1cells proliferation. To address the anti-leukemic potential of KAE and QUE in leukemia THP-1 cells, these cells were treated with KAE (40 µM), QUE (40 µM), and KAE plus QUE within 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure. Then, cell proliferation was evaluated using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, expression rates of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL along with caspase 3 and caspase 8 were assessed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) during 24 and 48 hours of exposure with KAE (40 µM), QUE (40 µM), and KAE plus QUE. After that, the candidate’s gene expression levels were compared with control THP-1 cells. Based on MTT assay results, KAE and QUE at 40 µM concentration reserved proliferation of THP-1 cells compared with control cells, while the anti-proliferative effects of the QUE had superiority over KAE in treated cells. Importantly, results evidenced the synergistic effects of the KAE plus QUE on THP-1 cell proliferation during all periods of the experiment. On the other, these compounds could improve Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 8 expressions, and conversely stimulated a significant and robust reduction in Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xl expression at mRNA levels in the treated cell compared with control cells. In sum, we suggested that the use of the KAE plus QUE could more evidently abrogate proliferation and viability of human leukemia THP-1 cells targeting survival involved genes expression, delivering the proof of the concept that combines the application of KAE and QUE is a rational strategy to treat AML.

Ara-C is one of the antineoplastic drugs, immune suppressants and a pyrimidine nucleoside. Though Ara-C is an important drug in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there are encouraged consequences about the therapeutic capability of Ara-C in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Herein, we evaluated the effect of Ara-C on the expression of genes coding for the enzymes DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A, DNMT 3B and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the human B cell-ALL cell line Nalm6. Moreover, we investigated its effects on Nalm6 cells proliferation and apoptosis. Briefly, Nalm6 cells and also normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and treated with Ara-C at their exponential growth phase. Cell apoptosis rates were studied using Annexin-V/PI staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, and their proliferation levels were evaluated upon treatment with increasing concentration of Ara-C (5–80 nM) by MTT assay. Finally, the expressions of the above-mentioned 3 genes were quantified using real-time PCR. Based on analysis, Ara-C could powerfully trigger apoptosis and obstructs proliferation of Nalm6 cells upon treatment. After Ara-C treatment, expressions of the genes DNMT3A in Nalm6 cell line increased but DNMT3B and HDAC3 decreased significantly compared with the control group. Altered expressions of the above-mentioned genes in ALL cells under the effect of Ara-C suggests that epigenetic changes such as DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation may be appropriate goals in the development of new therapies.

Recently, flavonoid quercetin is described as a natural product capable of the treatment of various types of leukemia, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), by targeting various survival and proliferation-associated signaling pathways or molecules. Herein, we evaluated the anti-leukemic effects of the quercetin on the human AML cell line, U937. Accordingly, the proliferation rate of the U937 cells was examined using MTT assay at 6, 12, and 24 hours of treatment with a series of quercetin concentrations, including 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, and 120 µM. Moreover, the apoptosis rates of U937 cells were estimated 6, 12, and 24 hours after exposure to quercetin 30 µM using annexin-V/PI staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Finally, the expression rates of survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP, Bcl-2, and Bax were measured after treatment with quercetin 20 and 40 µM using Real-Time PCR within 6 and 12 hours of treatment. Concerning results, quercetin induced significant apoptosis in U937 cells within 6, 12, and 24 hours of treatment. Moreover, results verified the inhibitory effect of quercetin on U937 cell proliferation, more powerfully at 24 hours of exposure. Additionally, quercetin robustly modified Mcl-1, XIAP, and survivin expression at mRNA levels without any effect on Bax expression. Besides, this flavonoid stimulated slight but significant inhibitory effects on Bcl-2 expression at mRNA levels. In sum, the encouraging consequences of using quercetin toward the U937 cells have made it a favorable compound for treating AML through the downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins.

Objective: The earliest histopathological feature of celiac disease (CD) is increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The aim of this study is to find out the normal IEL count and to describe the histopathological features of CD among Jordanian population.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 207 patients, 99 with CD cases and 108 normal controls. IEL were counted in all cases and controls. Histopathological features including villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were evaluated in CD cases and were classified according to the Modified Marsh classification. A two-tailed t-test was used to compare the means of variables and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Pearson correlation was used to measure relationships between histopathological features in CD cases. The cut-off point was suggested as the mean of normal+ 2 standard deviations (SD).

Results: The mean number of IEL in normal biopsies is 11.7. The upper limit of normal is 17, this figure (17) is also the mean + 2SDs. There is no statistical difference of the number of IEL between males and females in the normal group (p = 0.54) or the CD group (p = 0.807). The number of normal IEL significantly decreases with higher age of 49 (p = 0.034).

Conclusion: Using 17 as a cut-off point is sufficient to detect CD. Higher thresholds result in missing cases. The cut off points of IEL can vary among geographical areas and thresholds should take these differences into account.

Background: The feasibility and the safety of the thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) was proved by several prominent academic institutions. This technique is technically challenging and requires advanced laparoscopic and thoracoscopic skills. With experience gained from open esophagectomy as well as laparoscopic surgery, thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy was introduced in our hospital in 2016. We report our experience in performing TLE.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized, observational study in Hue central hospital, which is one of the biggest hospitals in Vietnam, from January 2016 to January 2021. This study included the esophageal cancers that were diagnosed by endoscopy and confirmed by pathology. Esophageal cancer with cT1b-3N0M0 using chest CT, ultrasound-endoscopy, abdominal CT was indicated for resection initially, while esophageal cancer with cT4N0M0 or T3N(+)M0 was indicated for resection after neoadjuvant therapy. The patients had the ASA I-III. All the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL).

Results: We used the TLE technique to operate for 52 consecutive patients. All patients were in a semi-prone position. The male/female ratio was 47/5. The mean age was 57.3±6.3 years, and the mean BMI was 20.5±3.3 kg/m². The preoperative location of the esophageal cancer was the upper one-third in two (3.8%), the middle one-third in 24 (46.1%), and the lower one-third in 26 (50.0%). The majority of our patients had cTNM stage II (30, 57.7%). Only seven patients (13.7%) had cTNM stage I, whereas 15 patients (31.4%) had cTNM stage III. Of the 45 patients (stage II and III) who needed the neoadjuvant therapy, 30 (57.7%) received short-courses, 15 (28.8%) received long-course of chemotherapy. For 24 patients (46.1%), the histopathology was squamous cell carcinoma. The remaining 28 patients (53.8%) had adenocarcinomas. The operative time was 311.2±45.9 minutes. We did not record either conversion or intraoperative events. The mortality and morbidity rates were 1.9% and 23%, respectively. The hospital stay was 15.6±7.2 days. The median follow-up time was 22±1.5 months, and the overall survival rate at one year was 84.7%.

Conclusion: Thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with the patient in a semi-prone position is safe and effective, including the lower morbidity rate and the shorter operative time while preserving the long-term outcomes.

Background and objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising steadily, particularly in developing nations. In Morocco, colorectal cancer is ranking third most incident. Via this study, we present the epidemiological profile, clinical features of colorectal cancers, and chemotherapy outcome in a Moroccan population.

Materials and methods: This study is a retrospective investigation, run between January and December 2013 of 290 patients with colorectal cancer. A descriptive and analytical study was carried out via statistical analysis to correlate clinicopathological data with overall chemotherapy-related toxicity occurrence, by the Chi2 test. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between the occurrence of diarrhea and bilirubin levels.

Results: Most of the cases were between 40–59 years, and 50.5% (n = 147) were men. KRAS (12, 13 codon) was mutant in 10 patients (3.4%). Chemotherapy was administered to 146 patients (50.4%), and 85.6% had suffered from at least one toxic event during CMT treatment.

The mean total bilirubin and mean conjugated bilirubin were found to be significantly high in patients who do not develop diarrhea, compared to those with diarrheal toxicity with a p-value of 0.02 and 0.03 respectively.

Conclusion: Our study reveals a significant percentage of toxicity occurrence among patients who underwent chemotherapy.

Currently, it has been suggested that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a well-known multipotent stem cells, could modify the biological process in leukemia cells. Therefore, we evaluated human MSCs’ possible effects on apoptosis and proliferation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) MOLT-4 cells. Accordingly, MOLT-4 cells were co-cultured with MSCs. Then, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, the apoptosis percentages of co-cultured MOLT-4 cell apoptosis was estimated using flow cytometry analysis. Also, cells proliferation rates were measured by MTT assay after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. Finally, the expression ratio of candidate genes, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, and -8, were evaluated in MOLT-4 cells co-cultured with MSCs. Based on results, MSCs stimulated the apoptosis of MOLT-4 cells after 48 and 72 hours but not 24 hours of treatment compared with the control group (MOLT-4 cells). Also, MSCs induced robust a reduction in MOLT-4 cell proliferation rate compared with the control group. On the other hand, Real-Time PCR results indicated a decrease in Bcl-2 expression, and conversely a promotion in Bax, and caspase-3, and -8 expression at mRNA levels. In sum, results signified that MSCs could exert anti-leukemic effects on leukemia MOLT-4 cells through promoting Bax/Bcl-2 ration concomitant with up-regulating caspases expression.

Introduction: Copanlisib is an intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with predominant activity against the α and δ isoforms. We conducted this review to assess the efficacy and safety of copanlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and other solid tumors.

Methods: A systematic search of the electronic database (PubMed, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was conducted for relevant studies. Any clinical trial with clear outcome measures on the efficacy or safety of copanlisib in NHL or other solid tumors were eligible for inclusion. The objective response rate (ORR) and the complete response (CR) rate were used to assess the efficacy. Incidence of all grade and grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were calculated to evaluate the safety profile.

Results: We analyzed seven single-arm prospective clinical trials. The pooled ORR was 39.1% (95% CI: 21.0–60.7%) for NHL cohort. The pooled CR rate for NHL was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.9–16.8%). Indolent NHL had a higher rate of response than aggressive NHL (ORR 56.9% vs. 22.8%; CR rate 15.8% vs. 7.6%). The pooled incidence rate of grade 3–4 TEAE was 73.9% (95% CI: 66.4–80.3%). Most common grade 3–4 TEAE were: hyperglycemia (31.4%), hypertension (29.8%), neutropenia (18.3%), anemia (7.4%), and pneumonia (6.8%).

Conclusions: Copanlisib is effective in the treatment of relapsed or refractory NHL, with a higher rate of response in indolent NHL than aggressive NHL. Hyperglycemia and hypertension were the most common adverse events.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, triggering apoptosis in malignant cell without affecting healthy cells. However, varied types of the cancerous cells (e.g., leukemia) show resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (TIA). Herein, we evaluated the effect of quercetin (QUE) in combination with TRAIL to defeat the resistance of the human acute myeloid leukemia KG-1 cell lines against TIA. Briefly, we treated the KG-1 cells with TRAIL (50 and 250 ng/ml) and QUE (100 μM) alone and in combination together. Then, the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins, including caspase 3, 8, and 9 along with the anti-apoptotic proteins such as survivin and Mcl-1 expressions levels were evaluated by real-time PCR in KG-1 cells 12, 14 and 48 hours upon exposure with TRAIL and QUE (100 μM). Based on results, the combination of TRAIL and QUE augmented the expression levels of the caspase 3, 8, and 9 compared with the cells treated with TRAIL and QUE alone. Conversely, expression rates of the survivin and Mcl-1 were strongly diminished in cells treated with TRAIL plus QUE in comparison to KG-1 cells that treated with TRAIL and QUE alone. Considering finding, QUE can not only improve caspase 3, 8, and 9 when used plus TRAIL, it also made a positive effect on their activation due to the inhibitory impacts on anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and survivin expressions in KG-1 cells, possibly leading to the desired therapeutic outcome in leukemic cells.

Cystic lesions of the head and neck are important entities that are being investigated increasingly frequently by cross-sectional imaging. Patients usually show neck swelling, and after initial clinical examinations, sonography may reveal the cystic nature of the lesion. Further imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often necessary to elucidate the etiology and lesion depth. This illustrated review describes the typical appearances and locations of a range of cystic lesions in the suprahyoid neck on MRI.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated cytotoxic effects of Ferula assa-foetida. In the present study, the anti-proliferative effect of this plant on two species of cancer cells related to pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) was investigated.

Materials and Methods: 100 grams of powdered herb dissolved in 500 milliliter of methanol was placed in Soxhlet extractor for 72 hours. After adding trypsin to the medium, cells were cultured in serum containing medium. A serial dilution of extract was created with 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 microgram per milliliter concentrations. Plates were fed with 200 microliters of new mediums at the end of their growth and 50 microliters of MTT were added to all wells of 1 to 11 columns. After incubation, mediums and MTT were removed from the wells and remaining crystals were resolved by adding DMSO. After adding glycine buffer (25 μl per well), we immediately read the results at wavelength of 570 nanometer using an ELISA reader.

Results: Concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms per milliliter of methanolic extract of Ferula asa-foetida had significant cytotoxic effect on SKOV-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells with a P-Value of <0.05. These changes were time-dependent.

Discussion and Conclusion: Besides their several medical uses, medicinal herbs have recently turned out to have antineoplastic effects. One of these herbs is Ferula assa-foetida. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of this plant on ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells.

Recently, some studies have evidenced the development of the post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) resulting from the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in UCB samples. Herein, we evaluate the prevalence of EBV in UCB samples using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) in cell and serum samples. In this study, the 650 samples were collected from delivery rooms under standard conditions. The 140 specimens were examined by ELISA for assessment of the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against the EBV virus antigen. Moreover, Real-time PCR and Nested PCR were run to investigate the virus genome in samples. Among all samples, only 140 samples were assessed owing to accessibility to the plasma. These 140 plasma samples in terms of the IgM antibody against EBV capsid antigen were recognized as negative. Also, 132 samples (94.2%) out of 140 specimens tested in this research confirmed the presence of IgG antibody. The eight samples tested (5.8%) were also negative for both antibodies. Finally, out of 650 samples, 617 samples (94.9%) showed negative results by Real-time PCR. The achieved results from Nested PCR demonstrated that none of the 650 tested UCB samples were infected with EBV. In sum, the results of mother and embryo serologic experiments indicated that EBV prevalence rate in pregnant mothers is similar to its worldwide prevalence rate in adults.