Journal of Agricultural Meteorology
Online ISSN : 1881-0136
Print ISSN : 0021-8588
ISSN-L : 0021-8588
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Volume 43, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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  • Application of Heat Generated in Compost to Soil Warming
    Hirakazu SEKI, Tomoaki KOMORI
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 189-202
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.189
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    A simulation model of a soil warming system with a compost heat extractor was proposed. The soil warming system for the model simulation was constituted by some compost beds for heat extraction, pipe lines for circulation of the medium water and water reservoirs. The application of the simulation model to the practical example for warming the soil bed was investigated by the analysis of the heat balance of the system, using some actual operating conditions. The heat balance in the soil warming was treated analytically and systematically, taking account of the process control of the system. The concept of the model simulation and procedure for the systematical analysis of the heat balance in the soil warming may be of use for the planning, design and operations of the actual soil warming system.
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  • Prediction of Long Distance Migration of Rice Planthoppers to Northern Kyushu Considering Low-Level Jet Stream
    Hiroshi SEINO, Yoshiharu SHIOTSUKI, Shingo OYA, Yoshio HIRAI
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 203-208
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.203
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    Rice planthoppers are major pest for rice plants in Asian countries. They immigrates from overseas to Kyushu in Japan in the Baiu season every year. To predict the long distance migration of rice planthoppers to northern Kyushu, a migration model was developed with a hypothesis that rice planthoppers were transported by low-level jet stream at 1, 000-2, 000m heights. The weather conditions for the migration period (June to July) were analyzed with the 850 mb chart at 21h in 1980-1985 and at 09h and 21h in 1986, and possible migration days were decided. On the other hand, actual migration flight waves were decided with the number of catches by two nets. The possible migration flights decided by the weather chart agreed approximately with the actual flights. The accuracy of this prediction method was improved by using the 850mb chart at 09h additionaly. Finally, the prediction procedure was described.
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  • A Comparison of the Annual March of Surface Water Temperatures at the Water Area Closed for Land Draining and the Outer Area in the Northwest Part of Lake Nakaumi
    Tetsuo KOBAYASHI, Yushiro MOTODA, Tsutomu SAKANOUE
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 209-214
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.209
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    Lake Nakaumi is a brackish lake, where riverwater having lower temperatures mixes with seawater having higher temperatures. The northwest part of the lake with an area of 1689 hectares was closed for land draining during the years 1977-78; since then the air temperature conditions on the surrounding land has been changed. Although we surmised that the cause for this phenomenon must be the change in the surface water temperature of the land draining site arising from the cutoff of the inflow of riverwater by the construction of closing dikes, there was no experimental evidence in support of this assumption. Thus, we made observations of the surface water temperatures in and around the closed area during the years 1984-86 to see the effect of the inflow of fresh water on the surface water temperature.
    The annual mean surface water temperature at the closed water area was about 0.6°C higher than that at the outer. The difference in surface water temperature between the two sides of the closing dikes was great in the spring and summer months, but was small during the other months of the year. These results are compatible with the change in the air temperature conditions of the surrounding area.
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  • Studies on the Control of Gaseous Environment in the Rhizosphere
    (3) Effects of CO2 Concentration and Temperature in the Rhizosphere on Growth of Cucumber
    Yoshiaki KITAYA, Kazutoshi YABUKI, Makoto KIYOTA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 215-221
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.215
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    Growth of cucumber plant is suppressed with increase of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In the present study, effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on growth of cucumber was investigated.
    (1) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, gas mixtures containing 0-30% CO2 were supplied into the rhizosphere at temperature of 15°C, 20°C and 30°C.
    As a result, when CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%, photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment decreased to 70% and 90% at 15°C and 20°C, respectively, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. Furthermore, after 8 hours it decreased to 70% even at 20°C. Thus, the temperature was low, the suppression of the photosynthetic rate by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere occurred earlier and was more serious.
    Effects of CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere on transpiration rates at 15°C, 20°C and 30°C were similar to those on photosynthetic rates.
    (2) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the growth of cucumber plants, growth rates were investigated at 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, by supplying rhizospheres with fresh air or air containing 2% CO2.
    Eleven days after the treatment, dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2 decreased by 12% and 10% at 20°C and 25°C, respectively, when compared to the fresh air treatment, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. As the temperature became lower, the growth was more seriously suppressed by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere.
    (3) The suppression of plant growth was recovered by the forced aeration of fresh air into the soil because of the reduction of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In order to investigate how much the effect of forced aeration depended on temperature, cucumber was cultivated at 23°C and 28°C, with or without aeration of fresh air into soil.
    Fifteen days after the beginning of the treatment, CO2 concentration in soil without aeration was 0.4-1.2%. On the other hand, that in soil with aeration was only 0.06%. Dry weight of a whole plant cultivated at 23°C with aeration was greater than that cultivated without aeration by 26%, while it was 11% at 28°C. It was proved that the forced aeration into the rhizosphere showed a remarkable effect on plant growth when the temperature was low.
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  • Effects of CO2 Concentration, Light Intensity and Liquid Medium Composition for the Growth of Cymbidium PLB in vitro
    Tsuyoshi HONJO, Tadashi TAKAKURA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 223-227
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.223
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    In order to examine the possibility of photoautotrophic growth on the multiplication stage of tissue culture, Cymbidium PLB (protocorm like body) is propagated in various conditions. CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentration, light intensity and liquid medium composition are changed as shown in Table 1. By using shake culture and fermenter system, PLB is grown in MS (Murashige-Skoog) medium.
    Both shake culture and fermenter system showed similar results. Growth ratio of the dry weight after 14 days of culture in fermenter system to that of the first day is shown in Fig. 2. In cases of no sucrose condition with high CO2 concentration and high light intensity, the growth ratio was more than unity. This clearly indicates the photoautotrophic growth of the PLB because there is no other source of carbon except CO2.
    As for the amount of the growth, the role of sucrose was remarkable. The PLB grown in the medium with 30g/l sucrose showed 2-5 times higher ratio than the PLB grown under no sucrose condition. In the cases with sucrose, however, higher CO2 concentration and higher light intensity inhibited the growth.
    Shoots grew actively under low concentration of sucrose even though the growth ratio was low (Fig. 3).
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  • Epitomes of Recently Published Papers
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 228
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.228
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  • Relationship between Light Intensity and Light Energy Requirement in the Growth of Leaf Vegetables under Artificial Light
    Eiji GOTO, Tadashi TAKAKURA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 229-232
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.229
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  • An Application of Infrared Thermometer to Local Meteorological Observation
    Taichi MAKI, Yoshitaka KUROSE
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 233-237
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.233
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  • Hail Storms and Hail Damages in the Kanto-Koshin Region
    Their Distribution and Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere during the Hail Storms
    Masatoshi YOSHINO, Seishi MIYAUCHI, Toshihiko IWAMA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 239-246
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.43.239
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