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Volume 51, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Koji HONMA, Yasuyuki AONO, Yukio OMOTO1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 321-327
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between temperature and the southern limits of temperate deciduous trees in Japan is discussed by using two indexes of temperature. One is the mean temperature of the warmest month to represent summer condition, and another is the chilling hours (accumulated hours below 7.2°C (45°F)) for winter. Eight species of deciduous trees (Zelkova serrata, Fagus crenata, Aesculus turbinata, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Betula ermanii, Quercus mongolica, Ulmus davidiana and Acer mono) were chosen for this purpose. It appeared that the chilling hours are effective in determining the southern limit of Zelkova serrata, suggesting at least thermal condition in winter is important in the warm side distribution for this species. For other species, the case in which winter condition may affect southern limits is found in the coastal areas and the relatively low latitude region of Japanese mainland.
The impact of global warming on the potential probability of occurence for Fagus crenata in Osaka Prefecture and its vicinity is also examined. For a 1.5°C mean temperature rise, the potential probability becomes 0.02-0.21 from the present 0.13-0.68 in Mt. Izumi-Katsuragi and Mt. Koya area, and 0.24-0.70 from 0.65-0.76 in Mt. Kongo. For a 3.0°C rise, the probability decreases to 0.04-0.34 in Mt. Kongo. In the other two areas, it will become almost 0 suggesting the climatic condition becomes too warm for the occurence of this species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2503K) -
Michio OWADA, Yuki ISHIKAWA, Tatsuhiro NAKAMURA1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 329-334
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the characteristics of cold air drainage under a traveling anticyclone on west side slope of Kamikawa basin in Hokkaido in northern Japan for 7 days from 3 to 9 October 1994 using Takara thermistor double mode temperature printers (Print Multi D613, Takara Industrial Company). The results are summarized as follows.
1) The spectral analysis of air temperature fluctuations showed three peaks at 85, 50-52, and about 10 minutes.
2) The peak at 85min, was about 30min, longer than that observed before at Sugadaira basin in Central Japan.
3) The differences in the peak period between Kamikawa and Sugadaira basins may reflect the difference in the cooling effect between the two basins.View full abstractDownload PDF (2791K) -
Hideo MINAGAWA1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 335-343
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA small pig model was made with plaster and plastic from the mold of a female pig of 27 days old. Surface area of the pig model was estimated with 2 non-metric cameras by stereo photogrammetry, and the error of surface area was analyzed. Error consists of optical error in determining the space coordinates of the pig model and shape error in tracing the complex shape of the object. Optical error was estimated with 28 control marks set around the pig model to calculate the space coordinates of about 300 object marks on it from stereo pairs of photographs. The objects marks were used for drawing cross sectional shape and contour lines of the pig model and estimating the surface area. Shape error was evaluated in comparison with the measured surface area by counting the numbers of a 1mm square section of the graph paper covering the pig model.
The errors in the X- and Y-axes coordinates of the control marks were within 1mm. The errors in the Z-axis coordinates were in less than 3mm, distributing nearly equally in positive and negative. These errors were no more than theoretical limits. The error would give rise to about 5% of optical error, when estimating the surface area of a part in the body, formed with neighboring cross sections and assumed a truncated cone, 70mm and 66mm in radiuses and 27mm in slant length. Optical error could be neglected when the significant figures of surface area was limited to minimum.
The difference between the measured and estimated total surface area of the pig model was 34cm2, which was only 1.2% on a relative basis. This means that the shape error was very small and the stereo photographs using the non-metric cameras was accurate enough.View full abstractDownload PDF (1094K) -
Kazushige YAMADA1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 345-354
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccuracy of spatial estimation of air temperatures can be very poor for a short term temperature. The objective of this paper is to study feasibility of the regional estimation of air temperatures with a nocturnal cooling model, which was proposed by Kondo & Mori (1982) to describe nocturnal cooling rate with wind speed and site-specific parameters.
First, relationships between elevation and air temperatures within diurnal cycles were addressed at 27 monitoring points across a region of 110km×100km in central Japan. The weather data were obtained from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System. The results showed that air temperature in the evenings was linearly related to the elevation above sea level with little perturbations from the weather, wind speed and topography. In contrast, minimum air temperature in the mornings and nocturnal cooling rate were greatly influenced by the above factors. Furthermore, in a complex terrain, the morning air temperature and cooling rate were unrelated to those at nearby points. Therefore, the two temperature traits may not be accurately estimated by using spatial interpolation.
Second, two parameters (a & b) of the nocturnal cooling model were determined for each of the 27 monitoring points, and were ralated to topographical features of the points. Indexes of surface flatness (Sidx), cubical measure by a concavo-convex space (Cidx) and steepness (Ridx) on the level surface at observation were defined and calculated for each point using elevations of the grid points of the Digital National Land Information. The parameter b, which represents thermal conditions and accumulation of cold air, was related to Sidx and Cidx. The parameter a, which represents the extent of air mixing, was related to Ridx.
The short-term air temperatures could therefore be estimated on a regional basis with the nocturnal cooling model, whose parameters are determined with the topographical indexes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1264K) -
Shuji YAMAKAWA1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 355-361
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (8753K) -
Commission for Protected Cultivation1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 363-364
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (160K) -
The Executive Committee of Sectional Meeting on Lo1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 365-368
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (514K) -
Research Group on Influences of Climatic Change1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 369-370
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (326K) -
Working Group of Meteorological Improvement Studie1995 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 371-375
Published: December 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (693K)
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