What are the tasks for improving the effects of community social service provision, and how should we solve these? This study approaches the question with the case analysis of Jeju National University Sorieoulim Music Mentoring Center. Considered as the top community social service provider, Sorieoulim started the music mentoring service for adolescents since 2009. They are currently facing managerial tasks caused by the open service registration system and the emergence of similar services, including recruitment of new service users and competent music teachers, service provision in remote communities, and profitability improvement. In effort to address these management issues, Sorieoulim is implementing various coping strategies, such as rural area service expansion, public relations improvement, alliance expansion, pay raise, motivation increase, cost reduction, and revenue diversification. This paper shows the following conclusion, implication and suggestion:●The dynamic capability for transforming resources and managerial abilities has a positive effect in coping with rapidly changing environments.●The resource-based view can be applied to small social service providers and the managerial ability is a more important determinant in performance improvement.●A new policy that ensures quality service through a service expense increase, stricter registration requirements, and a proper evaluation system for all community social service providers is required.

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Results of several studies indicate that pointing movements can interfere with visuospatial working memory (VSWM). The interference effect of movementsof pointing to target locations is explained as attributable to failure of the appropriate use of retrieval strategies. This study further investigated the effects of pointing movements on VSWM performance, particularly addressing retrieval strategies. 28 participants (17 women, 11 men; M age = 23.0 yr, range = 21–29) were administered a VSWM task based on the Corsi blocks task, but modified to make it difficult for participants to use efficient retrieval strategies such as chunking or forming global visual images. Participants were required to recall the locations of targets in forward and backward order. Three conditions with respect to encoding were tested: (a) In the target-pointing condition, participants were required to point to the target locations. (b) In the no-pointing condition, participants were required only to view the presentation of targets. (c) In the irrelevant condition, participants were required to point to irrelevant locations. Significant differences were observed among the conditions and between the recall directions. However, performance when pointing to the target locations was not reduced compared to that achieved when viewing the presentation of targets.Results of this study support the view that the interference effect of pointing movements to the target locations derives from failure of the appropriate use of efficient retrieval strategies. Results also suggest that the effects of pointing movements on VSWM performance are task-dependent.

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This study presents considerations for the provision of social services in the form of public-private partnerships in each region of South Korea. After identifying which local governments provide social services in the form of public-private partnerships I investigated how the public and private sectors that provide these services perceive such partnerships. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted on public servants and workers in private welfare centers in Gangdong-gu, Seoul; Nam-gu, Busan; Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do Province; and Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, focusing on the Community Associations of Social Welfare, Hope Welfare Supporters, Dong as a Hub of Welfare project, and Public-Private Partnership cases. The results of my analysis reveal that it is necessary to adopt a two-track approach by distinguishing between “finding” and “supporting” those in need of help in order to effectively provide social services. Furthermore, the task of providing social services to people with diverse needs cannot be done solely by the public or private sector; rather, cooperation between both is necessary. In particular, this study found that local public servants must perceive public-private partnerships more positively.

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The relationship between educational fulfillment and political participation has been one of the most persistently studied subjects within the field (e.g., Berinsky and Lenz 2010). Previous studies define the positive relationship between education and political participation. It means that people who have a higher education are more likely to participate in politics than those who are less-educated. This includes both conventional and unconventional forms of participation, specifically voting and protesting (Huntington & Nelson 1976; Marsh 1990; & Dalton 2009). Falling in line with the previous research provided on the link between formal education and political participation, does non-formal education also produce similar outcomes? To understand the link between non-formal education and political participation, this study collects and explores empirical data in the post-socialist countries. With the data collected from the World Values Survey, the Eurostat Adult Education Survey, and the Eurostat Adult Education Survey in post-socialist countries, a correlation analysis between independent variable (job-related learning activities) and dependent variables (voting turnout and attending demonstration) are performed. The results of this study provide an insight into whether or not it is worth for the government to continue to administer the funds for non-formal education to consolidate a representative democracy in the post-socialist countries.

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This study aimed to help develop collaborative care models for care service staff working in homes and residential facilities to implement measures for the improvement of undernutrition in terms of nursing care. The survey is care service staff’s awareness of undernutrition including required information. Although nursing care providers were aware of the overall care-related needs of their care recipients, they were in somewhat knowledgeable level about the nutritional health/functioning status that can be assessed by the nutritional condition indices such as the BMI(body mass index) and serum albumin level. The results of this study suggest that the level of nursing care service providers' awareness of the improvement of undernutrition of the elderly in need of nursing care was not high; although in-home nursing care providers understood the overall picture of services or their tasks including the levels of nursing care required by elderly patients and their levels of independence in ADL(activities of daily living) according to their degrees of disabilities or dementia, they did not comprehend the nutritional status of their patients such as the styles of diet and intake of meals; and nursing care service providers in residential facilities were aware of the nutritional status of their patients, although they were not unable to understand the overall picture of services. There were significant differences in the levels of the awareness of the improvement of undernutrition by the types of nursing care-related professions ; for example, while consultants were only aware of the basics of services like the level of nursing care required by patients, nursing care providers understood the styles of diet as well as dental and choke-related conditions and health care professionals comprehended the intake of meals, BMI, and serum albumin level. The study results suggest that it is necessary to develop tools for the collection of care service-related information and assessment to be shared by care service staff to improve undernutrition to prevent the elderly from becoming to require higher levels of nursing care.

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It is currently difficult to find the tools to assess educational outcome in the field of special needs education. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the tool to evaluate the educational outcome of special needs education, called as the Special Needs Education Assessment Tool(hereafter, the SNEAT), that will enable teachers to evaluate their classes according to the changes of children with disabilities; for the development of the SNEAT, its content validity was verified with the draft of the SNEAT. For the content validity verification of the SNEAT, the surveys via interview and questionnaire were conducted for the researchers for special needs education, teachers who are affiliated with educational research institutes run by Prefectural governments and in-service teachers. In results, over 90 percent of the respondents answered that it is valid, which showed that the content validity was verified. The scientific methods to verify the SNEAT in the field of Education, however, need to be explored in the future, because the content validity verification method is done based on the subjective opinions of respondents.

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In this research was investigated that trainers’ attitude toward people with intellectual disabilities during driving license exam, through questionnaire survey on 79 specific driving school in Chiba and Okinawa. As a result, it is clarified that there is a lack of consideration for training and no cooperation between people with intellectual disabilities and trainers. Therefore, putting systems for understanding of each other, getting support by family and making up economical support systems from government are all needed in order to people with intellectual disabilities getting license and make it better for safe driving after obtention. Consequently, next problems are to develop special textbook, to support for examination, to analyze risk of car accidents, to put insurance systems and laws of economical help and to investigate of best way to cooperate with everyone around people with intellectual disabilities to rise the chance to obtain the license.

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CSR is a part of the expenditure element of Corporation, so it should be considered based on the profit maximizaition. However, Economic theoretical analysis or relationship research between profit and CSR, much less studies in Japan and Korea.Therefore, in this paper, using previous studies on Economic theoretical analysis, Ianalyzed for the relationship between profit and CSRAs a result, it could explaine why do spending CSR. At first, based on the Theoretical Model of profit maximization, Corporations to select the CSR spending in order to increase the long-term profit. Also, expense of the CSR is defined by the level of the same for marginal cost and marginal revenue spontaneously. In addition, based on the Theoretical Model of Investment, because of the CSR is the one of the characteristics with a product, Corporate investment for CSR stragically.Thus, to promote the CSR, it is important in improving awareness of CSR from charity to investment. So, I suggest that the information offering or evaluation system about the CSR has to be instituted for the Corporations. And than, it is important that the continue to strengthen not only importance and reliability of CSR product for the consumer. Lastly, it is required to the Empirical analysis or Factor analyses using CSR data.

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The intensive-care homes for the elderly and health services facilities for the aged that accommodate many elderly people who are vulnerable to disasters and needs care and assistance during the period of emergency evacuation need to be prepared for the damages of disasters.This study aimed to analyze the effects of the experiences of employees whose facility was suffered from damages from disasters on the preparation for disaster prevention by investigating the consciousness of disaster prevention and mitigation for the employees of nursing care insurance facilities.The results of this study showed that the employees of facilities who experienced the damages from disasters presented the strong anxiety to them and those experiences were reflected in the preparation for evacuation and disasters prevention. 10% of facilities had the experiences from the damages from disasters. The safety degree of facilities were relatively high, but the majority of facilities did not provide the explanation about the emergency evacuation in disaster situations.

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This study aimed to provide basic information for Genome and Exercise. Exercise Genomics was begun to investigate genetic differences that may affect fitness or performance at the DNA level in the 1990s. Recently the study of exercise genomics becomes very large. To provide the current results of the researches on exercise genomics, we review the recent publications and the controversy in the interpretation of the results from marker studies related to exercise genomics. Comparable reviews were currently published for weight loss treatment and drug-based therapy of type 2 diabetes. Other than the growing number of papers related to the influence of genetic polymorphisms on physical performance and adaptation to exercise training, not much is known regarding the practical use of genetic markers in exercise treatment and training.

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In this paper, we reported the development process of Special Needs Education Assessment Tool (SNEAT) including the structure, characteristics, scoring method and the possible use of SNEAT. It measures the outcomes of the classes for the students with special needs. The questionnaire was composed of three scopes such as physical functioning, mental health and social functioning and 11 question items. Because SNEAT intended to evaluate educational outcome based on the changes of children with disabilities with the five-point Likert scale, the SNEAT will help teachers set the educational goals of their classes. In the future, if the SNEAT needed to be scientifically verified and standardized, it would be widely used in Japan.

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Education Centers, placed in each prefecture, play a major role in teacher practice in Japan. This study examined the contents of information for teachers on their websites to clarify the current situation and the limitations regarding their information provision by accessing to the websites. The results show that the webpages about teaching consultation and workshop/seminars were contained in almost all sites, but the other information pages (i.e. teaching plan, individualized teaching plan, individualized support plan, teaching materials/equipment) were fewer in comparison. The results imply calls for more various and detailed information provision for teachers.

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