The effects of simulated microgravity on blastopore (Bp) formation were analysed in
Xenopus laevis and
Cynops pyrrhogaster embryos. Simulated microgravity produced by clinostat rotation shifted the Bp-forming region toward the vegetal pole, more markedly in
Cynops embryos than in
Xenopus embryos. The simulated microgravity induced aggregation of endoderm cells at the center of the embryo and separation between the endoderm and presumptive mesoderm (PM). These findings suggest that clinostat treatment disrupts cell-to-cell interaction between endoderm and PM by increasing the separation between them and, as a result, Bp formation may be shifted towards the vegetal pole.
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