巻号一覧
21 巻 (2007)
- 4 号 p. 113-
- 3 号 p. 47-
- 2 号 p. 21-
- 1 号 p. 3-
21 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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Saho Nakano, Kouichi Soga, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, Takayuki Hoson2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 113-116
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーEffects of hypergravity on growth and the levels of cell wall polysaccharides were examined along epicotyls of dark-grown azuki bean (Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi cv. Erimowase). Elongation growth occurred only in the upper regions, which was suppressed by hypergravity at 300 G. The fresh weight also increased in the upper regions, but hypergravity increased it only slightly in the basal regions. The thickness of epicotyls was increased clearly in the upper regions and slightly in the basal regions by hypergravity. The levels of pectin, hemicellulose-I, and hemicellulose-II per unit length of epicotyl were increased by hypergravity in the upper regions, but not in the basal ones. Also, the levels of xyloglucans were increased by hypergravity only in the upper regions. On the other hand, the levels of cellulose per unit length increased from the apical to the basal regions, and hypergravity further increased the levels in all regions. These results suggest that cellulose, instead of xyloglucans, acts as anti-gravitational polysaccharides in the basal regions. Cellulose and xyloglucans may cooperate in resistance of whole stem organs to the gravitational force.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (487K) -
Tetsuya Sakashita, Nobuyuki Hamada, Michiyo Suzuki, Daisuke D. Ikeda, ...2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 117-120
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーLearning impairment following ionizing irradiation is an important potential risk for astronauts. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for studying the nervous system, we previously showed that ionizing radiation affected salt chemotaxis learning behavior only at the transition stage of learning conditioning, which induced additional decreases in chemotaxis to NaCl immediately after irradiation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of γ-ray irradiation on olfactory adaptation to benzaldehyde, in which animals show a decrease in chemotaxis to benzaldehyde. Irradiation during the conditioning for adaptation to benzaldehyde did not induce an additional decrease in chemotaxis immediately after irradiation. On the other hand, at 1 h after irradiation, the progress of adaptation to benzaldehyde was interrupted by irradiation with the highest dose. These results indicate that impaired olfactory adaptation to benzaldehyde following irradiation is different from salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans. Our findings suggest that the profile of radiation-induced response depends on the function of the nervous system in C. elegans.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (654K) -
Tairo Oshima, Toshiyuki Moriya, Shinjiro Kanazawa, Masamichi Yamashita2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 121-123
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーHigh-temperature compost is a promising new technology to decompose organic wastes in orbiting space stations and human-inhabiting facilities on the Moon, Mars and other planets. We developed laboratory-scale models of high-temperature composters based on hyperthermophilic aerobic bacterial ecology. Organic wastes are processed in a reaction vessel heated to 80°C by the action of soil microorganisms taken from a high-temperature compost factory. Wastes, including animal bodies and inedible parts of vegetables such as stalks or center cores of cabbage and fruits, were digested within a few days in our model reactors. In order to improve composting performance, we isolated and identified thermophilic microorganisms, which played crucial roles in degrading organic substances in the model reactors. We also isolated and purified enzymes which are capable of processing hard-to-digest proteins, namely collagen, elastin and keratin. Microbial diversity in the high-temperature compost soil cultured in the laboratory model reactors was examined by DNAs extracted from compost soil samples.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (250K) -
三橋 淳2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 124-128
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーApplication of insects is discussed for pleasant living in closed space environment. Insects are useful in various way. Some insects are quite effective to process metabolic waste and dead body of animals. Larvae of flies are candidate insect useful in space agriculture. Because of shorter life cycle of fly compared to silkworm, its proliferation rate is much greater than silkworm. It is a problem of culture whether the consumption of fly larvae to recycle dead human body could be acceptable in space agriculture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1861K) -
火星の表層物質と農業的利用の可能性矢沢 勇樹, 齋藤 麻衣子, 武田 弘2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 129-134
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーIn order to evaluate feasibility of synthesizing ecological system on Moon and Mars for sustaining human life there, it is required to prepare environment, which enables to support photosynthetic activity of plants. Surface materials, crust over mantle and thin soil layer, are important factor for life. Evolution of surface materials, including weathering of minerals, is compared between Earth, Moon and Mars.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6817K) -
和田 秀徳2007 年 21 巻 4 号 p. 135-141
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2008/09/02
ジャーナル フリーAgriculture on Earth has developed at several areas in various ecosystems during long periods after the end of the final glaciation by replacing natural producers with crops and by making human as a sole cousumer mainly through the method of trial and error. On the contrary, agriculture on Mars should be created rapidly and unmistakably under natural conditions completely different from those on Earth. In addition, the agriculture on Mars should supply clean water and air as well as foods necessary for sustaining the emigrants to Mars. This can be achieved by a strategy consisting of two stages. The first stage is to modify the air, water, and debris inside an artificial dome somewhat similar to those on Earth. The second stage is to establish a sustainable agriculture on Mars. These two stages are discussed rather in detail.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1011K)
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