Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a serious public health threat to the whole world, and the number of infected is still rising dramatically at this moment. Several studies have confirmed that cytokine storms play a critical role in causing a case to worsen from mild to severe or critical. The current treatment for cytokine storms is limited, so the international medical community is focusing on a specific and effective remedy. Jaktinib hydrochloride is a broad spectrum JAK inhibitor. It can inhibit cytokine-induced immune activation by multiple mechanisms and also slow viral proliferation by inhibiting AAK1 without causing unacceptable toxicity. Jaktinib hydrochloride has great potential for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Our purpose was to explore the status of laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (LRRHcca) in Mainland China. Studies published before February 2020 were retrieved from CNKI database, Pubmed database and Wanfang database. Search terms included "hilar cholangiocarcinoma", "Klatskin tumor", "laparoscopy", "radical operation". Relevant articles regarding LRRHcca in Mainland China were also retrieved. 13 articles were included in this study, with a total of 189 cases. The operation time was 354 min (weighed average, WA), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 324 mL (WA). The rate of negative margin (R0 rate) was 95.2%, and the number of lymph nodes received was 9.5 (WA). 2.6% of cases were converted to laparotomy. The incidence of postoperative complications was 21.2%, with 3.2% for those classified as Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3, 12.2% for bile leakage, 1.6% for postoperative abdominal hemorrhage, 1.6% for liver insufficiency, and 1.1% for abdominal infection. In-hospital mortality was 0.5%, with mean postoperative hospital stay of 15 days (WA), and the rate of reoperation was 1.1%. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 16 months (WA), and 1-year overall survival rate was 84.5%. In conclusions, laparoscopic radical hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe and feasible in experienced hands after careful selection of HCCA cases.

Japan has observed a surge in the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has caused a serious impact on the society especially after the declaration of the state of emergency on April 7, 2020. This study analyzes the real time data from March 1 to April 22, 2020 by adopting a sophisticated statistical modeling based on the state space model combined with the well-known susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. The model estimation and forecasting are conducted using the Bayesian methodology. The present study provides the parameter estimates of the unknown parameters that critically determine the epidemic process derived from the SIR model and prediction of the future transition of the infectious proportion including the size and timing of the epidemic peak with the prediction intervals that naturally accounts for the uncertainty. Even though the epidemic appears to be settling down during this intervention period, the prediction results under various scenarios using the data up to May 18 reveal that the temporary reduction in the infection rate would still result in a delayed the epidemic peak unless the long-term reproduction number is controlled.

In China, Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing (VCT) services are mostly provided by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). This cross-sectional study investigated the association between CSOs' social capital and VCT service availability in eight Chinese provinces during July–December 2015. Data on CSOs' characteristics were collected through questionnaire-based interviews. Social capital was measured using a purpose-developed questionnaire. Logistic regression models tested the association between social capital and the scale of VCT services. A total of 103 CSOs that provided VCT to MSM (MSM-focused CSOs), and 109 CSOs that provided such service to non-MSM population (other CSOs) were included. Overall, 144 (67.9%) CSOs were not registered with local governments, while 106 (50%) received RMB 50,000 ($7,670) funding in 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the CSOs with a higher level of shared vision were more likely to provide a large-scale of VCT service than those with a lower level of shared vision (AOR = 1.95). Moreover, intra-networks were positively associated with the VCT service (AOR = 2.87) among other CSOs, while the level of shared vision was positively associated with the VCT service (AOR = 3.08) among other-MSM-focused CSOs. There was no significant association between social capital and total service scale. Our findings suggest that increasing social capital can potentially enhance VCT service and play an important role in AIDS prevention.

A series of 4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl pyrrolidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors. All of the synthesized compounds displayed inhibitory activity against MMP-2 and MMP-9. Compounds 4a, 4e, and 4i displayed more potent activity than the other compounds. While the three compounds mildly or moderately inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells, they significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of cancer cells at relatively low concentrations as determined by a wound healing assay and transwell assay. In addition, compound 4e suppressed vascular endothelial cell tube formation and sprouting of microvessels from aortic rings in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 4e markedly suppressed the pulmonary metastasis of H22 cells in mice. These findings along with molecular docking results suggested that compound 4e might be a promising candidate for further structural optimization to develop MMP inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.

Chest radiographs should be obtained at the peak of inspiration so that radiological findings can be precisely interpreted. However, this is not easily achieved, particularly in young children who do not follow the instruction to hold their breath. We developed a sensor that detects the breathing movements and conducted a randomized controlled study to determine whether the sensor would increase the proportion of chest radiographs obtained in the inspiration phase. We recruited 124 infants and children aged less than 3 years, who visited the pediatric department of a general hospital in Tokyo, Japan, and allocated them into one of two groups: with-sensor and without-sensor groups. Overall, 81% of all images were obtained during inspiration. The proportion of chest radiographs taken during inspiration was not statistically different between the two groups (81% vs. 82%). In the with-sensor group, radiologic technologists were able to obtain chest radiographs of the same quality while not observing the chest movement, but the sensor. The use of the sensor did not increase the proportion of chest radiographs taken in the inspiration phase in this study. However, this null result may indicate the possibility of utilizing the sensor for automatizing chest radiography in the future.

Following a containment phase of two months, China has transitioned to the mitigation phase. However, China still faces the risk of COVID-19 spreading due to not only to sporadic new cases and imported cases but also asymptomatic carriers. According to daily reports from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China from March 31, 2020 to April 7, 2020, the number of new asymptomatic cases reported daily greatly exceeded that of new imported cases. As of 24:00 on April 7, there were a total of 1,095 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 under medical observation on the Chinese mainland, including 358 imported cases. A growing number of studies have indicated that asymptomatic carriers are infectious to an extent and can potentially transmit COVID-19. At present, China's measures for managing asymptomatic carriers are 14 days of centralized quarantine and observation; in principle, people with two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests (at an interval of at least 24 hours) can be released from quarantine. However, asymptomatic carriers will not be included in confirmed cases unless they develop clinical manifestations while in quarantine. As "silent spreaders", asymptomatic carriers warrant attention as part of disease prevention and control. The testing and follow-up of asymptomatic carriers should be expanded to include people in close contact with patients with confirmed COVID-19 and asymptomatic cases, clusters of outbreaks, and key areas and populations with a high risk of infection.

Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. Several hospitals in different countries have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that Ebola virus and Zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue proliferating and spreading by hiding in those sites, the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in immune privilege sites, it attacks those sites, and it spreads again after proliferating in those sites needs to be investigated.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, China made great progress in controlling the epidemic, and the number of confirmed and suspected cases continues to decrease thanks to the various efforts employed. Mobile field hospitals have played a huge role in the centralized management of patients and they have effectively reduced transmission. This article describes some of our experiences operating mobile field hospitals in order to provide a reference and to better inform countries that are dealing with this crisis.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. The strict prevention and control measures taken by China have proven to be effective, creating a window of opportunity for other countries. The tracking and management of contacts of patients with COVID-19 are important components of prevention and control measures. This article briefly describes the placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in China from the perspective of frontline staff. This article focuses on a community in the Jiading District of Shanghai to provide a reference for placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in other countries and regions.

The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been characterized as a world pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. The medical staff working in the operating room, such as anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses, are at high risk of exposure to virus due to closely contacting patients. The perioperative management is under great challenge while performing surgeries for patients suffering COVID-19, including emergency cesarean section, which is one of the most common surgeries under such circumstances. How to prevent medical staff from cross-infection is an issue of great concern. In this article, we give a practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in a supposed standard patient suffering COVID-19, aimed to optimize the work flow and implement the protective details through simulation of a real operation scenario, which may be useful for training and clinical practice of anesthesia management for patients suffering COVID-19 or other fulminating infectious diseases.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now generating a global epidemic, leading to a severe public health emergency. Until April 12, 2020 around 1,700,954 confirmed cases and 105,633 deaths have been reported all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Under this circumstance, surgical activities should be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive occupation of limited medical resources, and to reduce the possibility of hospital infection. China has achieved an inspiring achievement on epidemic control. Here, we reviewed available studies on surgical activities during the outbreak, in combination with our current experience, with the aim of providing feasible suggestions on surgical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.