1) The chromosome number of the tumor cells of rats was ascertained to be variable. Moreover, in the Hirosaki sarcoma a new tetraploid type developed from an ordinary diploid type, and also in the Usubuchi sarcoma a new tetraploid type from an original mixed type of diploid and tetraploid.
2) Again, the chromosome number of the normal cells of rats, for example, that of lymphoblasts, macrophages and male germ cells was proved to be inconstant.
3) A new theory of genonemes that explains the variation of chromosome number in the same species of living beings is here advocated.

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A new transplantable tumor was produced in the liver of a rat which had received repeated subcutaneous injections for many weeks with hot water at 72°C. The tumor tissue was crushed and injected in the peritoneal cavity of several rats; this treatment resulted in the production of an ascites tumor provided with freely suspended tumor cells.
After the histological observations of the tumor tissue it was found to be a sort of atypical hepatoma. It was proposed to designate this tumor as the "Watanabe ascites hepatoma."
The chromosome investigation of the tumor cells indicated that there are present at least three populations characterized each by subtetraploid, subdiploid and subhexaploid tumor cells. The growth of the tumor is primarily attributed to the proliferation of these tumor cells.

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The cytological investigations of the free tumor cells occurring in the fluid of the venereal tumor of a dog were undertaken to confirm the evidence of socalled "fluid infection" in the dog venereal tumor.
1) The investigated venereal tumor of a dog has a cauliflowerlike appearance. Purulent or hemorrhogic tumor fluid stagnates in shallow depressions of the tumor.
2) Histological observations of tumor tissue made it clear that this is a kind of the round-cell sarcomas.
3) In the fluid from the tumor surface, many round tumor cells are observed that are generally the same as the parenchymal cells of the tumor tissue.
4) Mitotic figures of the suspended tumor cells in various stages of division are frequent.
5) The number of chromosomes of the tumor cells in the fluid shows a range of variation from 40 to 67, with the peak incidence at 54 to 56. In six well preserved metaphase plates, it was found that each cell contains variable numbers of rod-shaped elements and additional 2 to 4 V-shaped ones.
6) The results of the present study reveal that the fluid from the surface of the dog venereal tumor contains a number of actively dividing tumor cells in the form of suspension, and the natural transfer of the tumor is due to the application of the fluid containing tumor cells to the injured genital mucosa.

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Purporting to settle experimentally the problem of carcinogenesis in connection with the life milieu, especially the natural milieu, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene was administered to rat up to 450mg per head in average, 4 to 5 months long and in groups where one group was maintained at the altitude of about 2800m and atmospheric pressure of 549.4mm Hg and the other group on a low terrain. The results are summarized as follows:
1) Tumor incidence of the test animal gave 44.4per cent with the high level group against 62.5per cent with the low level group toward the 120th experimental days and 55.5per cent with the former against 92.9 per cent with the latter toward the 150th experimental day. This denotes that carcinogenesis in the liver caused through DAB suffers inhibition in the high altitude than in the lower level. Histological features of the liver cancer somewhat differ from each other according to the living altitude.
2) Hepatic changes of benign nature and of DAB origin projected a vertical difference to two level groups against each time extent of 4 to 5 months. In the high level group, the affected area was rich in nodular cirrhosis with a distinct annular texture but poor in cholangiofibrosis; on the contrary, in the low level group, the annular structure was less pronounced among cirrhotic area against well developed cholangiofibrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Besides, a variety of degeneration of nodular hyperplasia cells is encountered more in high than in low level samples through 4 to 5 months, and a peculiar liver necrosis was noticed in the high level samples at the 4th month (which seemed effaced with disuse of DAB).
3) Comparing the histological findings of hormonal organs each at the 4th and 5th month, there was established degenerative atrophy of the cells of anterior lobe of pituitary and adrenal cortex in the high level group and some hypertrophy plus hyperplasia of the cells of these organs in the low level group. Certain consideration was paid on the correlation between carcinogenesis and the functional changes of these hormonal organs.
4) There were established also erythropoiesis cum leucopenia in the high level group and leucopoiesis in the low level group.

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1. Sarcoma was induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of the following xanthene dye stuffs: Rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, fluorescein sodium, and eosine yellowish.
2. Rhodamine 3G, fluorescein, erythrosine, and violamine R did not show carcinogenic activity.
3. No notable change in internal organs was found in the rats under the conditions of these experiments.
4. The mechanism of the sarcoma producing process by the dyes is not clear at present.

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1. The pigeon breast muscle succinoxidase prepared by the method of Keilin and Hartree requires the cofactor for the reduction of TTC in the presence of succinate.
2. This factor is contained in the boiled extract of various tissues. The concentration of this factor in tumor tissue is very low.
3. This factor is also contained in high concentration in crude CoA preparation obtained from hog liver.
4. From crude CoA preparation, one peak active for TTC reduction was obtained with fractionation using Dowex 1 resin. It contains ribose, phosphorus, sulfur and base having the maximum absorption at 257mμ at pH 2.5, but it has not pantothenate.
5. This factor in our experiment is different from DPN or desaminocoenzyme A.

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From the results described above, it is clear that the level of EP, most of which is protoporphyrin, rises in the blood of tumor bearing animals. Protoporphyrin combines with iron, and changes to protoheme, which is the prosthetic group of hemoglobin and catalase. Although, in the case of tumor bearing animals, the possibility of supressed synthesis of protein moiety of hemoglobin cannot be neglected, accumulation of protoporphyrin observed here may be considered as an evidence of the iron metabolism disturbance. It is known that in iron deficient anemia, EP level is very high when compared with that in the pernicious anemia (8). Furthermore, it was reported that lead poisoning affected the mechanism of the iron incorporation into protoporphyrin, and increased the FP (9). Recently, Schwartz et al. reported of the presence of erythrocytic and hepatic types in porphyria (10). Also in the tumor bearing animals, high level of protoporphyrin in liver was recognized in onr laboratory.

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A new enzymatic method of determination of D-glutamic acid has been applied to the determination of D-glutamic acid content of cancer tissues.
It has been shown that cancer tissues are not characterized by the presence of D-glutamic acid.

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[in Japanese]

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