(1) Though the histology of cancer which deals mainly with relations between parenchyme and stroma of tumors has informed very little about living conditions of individual malignant cells, it is conceivable that malignant cells, when they enter into a place where there is no supporting fibrous element, are able to proliferate in a condition of suspension in the tissue fluid without accompaniment of any so-called stromareaction, e. g. in lymph vessels, lymph sinus, or within the nests of carcinoma. The malignant cells are capable of living on without depending on the stroma, which is, strictly speaking, by no means proper to a malignant tumor, represtenting rather the preexistent tissue constituents proper to the site where the malignant cells have lodged by chance and commenced to proliferate. Remove the stroma from the tissue of a malignant growth, there remains nothing else but individual tumor cells and surrounding tissue fluid. A malignant growth is therefore in its formal naturea a cell suspension, a fluid tissue, provided that it is truely malignant, not only in clinical sepuences, but also in biological behaviours of parenchyme cells.
In many respects of cancer researches, especially in cytological studies or chemotherapeutic investigations, it is surely favourable to employ a malignant growth in fluid state without stroma formation.
(2) The Yoshida sarcoma, discovered by T. Yoshida, Y. Muta, and Z. Sasaki, in 1943, is a malignant fluid growth. It originated in an albino rat which had been fed with o-Amidoazotoluol for 3 months and then appliedcutaneously with 5% arsenite solution for about 3 months. The tumor cells proliferate chiefly in the abdominal cavity forming ascites, of which 1cm contains about 1 milion of tumor cells. Successive transplantations have been carried on very easily by introducing a droplet of the ascites into the peritoneal cavity of rats, amounting to over 200 generations until now, and is going on further. The rate of positive transplantation is 98%. The tumor animals die in 12 days in average, of increasing ascites and widely extending infiltration of tumor cells into abdominal tissue. The ascites, introduced into subcutaneous tissue, causes a large solid tumor at the site, which presents histologically the figure of round cell sarcoma. Inversely, by introducing a piece of such tumor into the peritoneal cavity there arises again the ascites.
We have succeeded in trasmitting this neoplasm with a single cell (microscopically controlled), but without any cell it has failed. Presence of a virus has been until now in no wise demonstrated. The behavior of the tumor cells is similar to that of the monocyte.
(3) The smear of the ascites stained with Giemsa solution permits the examination of the conditions of the tumor very easily at any time wanted. Moreover the condions of the tumor cells can be discussed one by one in the smear. Taking advantage of this, effects of various chemicals upon the tumor has been tested and it has been demonstrated that the present tumor offers an excellent test object valuable for fundamental investigations of chemotherapy of canter.
Calchicine, arsenic compounds, and several other substances have shown evident destructive actions upon the tumor cells. Culture filtrates of various bacilli, especially those of typhoid and dysentery have proved definite effect: they were injected directly into the abdominal cavity once a day, and in about 10 days more than half of the animals treated recovered completely from the disease.

View full abstract

1. On the radiosensitivity and histological findings:
a. A histological prototype with special radiosensitivity was not found in the serial study of cervix cancers.
b. Non-differentiated type of stratified cancer of the cervix is more sensible to radiation then more differentiated types.
c. Mere abundance of mitotic figures in the basal layers of cancer cell nests does not mean radiosensitiveness of the tumor as a whole.
d. Histological types with more widely and centropetally distributed mitotic figures in cancer cell nests are relatively sensitive.
e. A new idea to determine the radiosensitivity of a cancer according to parenchymal and stromal reaction after the first irradiation was discussed.
2. On the classification of "squamous cell cancer" in general:
a. Necessity of unprejudiced classification is stressed.
b. A new, purely morphological schema of classification and nomenclature is introduced.
c. The classification of stratified cancers into epidermoid and mucodermoid types which Duval and Lacassagne introduced and which Zwingli and Ban et al. have accepted as adequate to find correlation between histological types and radiosensitivity of the cancers in oral cavity was found not valid in application to the solid cancers of the cervix.
d. The criteria of Duval and Lacassagne's classification were discussed as not reasonable.

View full abstract

1. In case of endosinal metastasis of a medullary cancer argyrophilic fibrils will invariably disappear or will be weakened.
2. On the contrary an endosinal metastasis of a scirrhous cancer may give rise to a localized fibrillosis of marginal sinus, if not regularly.
3. Further development of cancer metastasis causes either fibrillosis or fibrillolysis in front of the growth, according to the nature of the primary cancer, scirrhous or medullary.
4. A cellular pre-invasive reaction in a regional lymph-node cannot be identified.
5. Possible pre-invasive fibrillosis in the marginal sinus in a series of regional lymph-nodes of scirrhous cancer was suggested.
6. Possibility of attributing fibroplastic trends in a scirrhous cancer to certain intrinsic factor of the cancer cells was discussed.

View full abstract

The foregoing experiments may be sufficient to establish the existence in malignant tissues of a substance which, when injected into animals, brings about a marked depression of the liver catalase activity in these animals. Positive results were obtained in all the malignant tissues examined, carcinoma was well as sarcoma, primary as well as metastatic growths, and surgical as well as autopsy materials.
The entire results may conveniently be tabulated together for ready inspection. (Table 3).
It may be noted in these results that there are some variation in the activity of different samples of the alcoholic precipitates. Some samples were highly active in 50mg amounts; with others the amount had to be increased to 100mg in order to produce the same degree of effect; while there were a few exceptional samples which did not give very clean-cut effect even in 100mg doses. There was a single sample (Gastric cancer ID) which definitely failed to affect the liver catalase activity. As to this particular sample we already stated that an active fraction was recovered from it by re-extracting it with water, however. See descriptions under the head of Gastric Carcinoma.
Whether or not the apparent difference in the activity of various samples is due to the actual difference in the toxohormone contents amongs different individual tumors cannot now be determined, although such may proved to be the case. It must not be lost sight of, however, that slight differences in the processes of preparing the fraction may have an appreciable effect on the quality of the final precipitate.
Difference in the activity of various samples of the precipitate cannot be correlated to the kinds of tumor tissue from which the samples were derived, it being impossible to say that any one type of malignant growth yields more potent precipitate than others. It seems reasonable to expect that a relation between the histological character and toxohormone content of cancer tissue may exist, but this aspect of the subject must be left for future investigation.

View full abstract