The purpose of this study was to examine whether P300 amplitude of the Target and Relevant would decrease with repeated presentations of the stimulus in P300-based guilty knowledge test (GKT). After a mock crime in a situation where the examinee was instructed to steal a piece of jewelry, P300-based GKT was conducted for 4 sessions. In each session, three different kinds of stimuli were presented to the examinee 180 times in total. The P300 amplitude in response to the Target was larger than that of the Relevant. Reaction time became faster as the examinee continued to go through the consecutive sessions. However, P300 amplitude in response to the Probe and the Target did not decrease as the sessions continued. These results suggest that such a requirement for the examinee to make specific and deliberate responses might have suppressed effect of habituation on the P300.

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It has been confirmed that repeating presentation of stimuli enhances cognitive/affective evaluation of the stimuli (mere exposure effect). In our research, we aimed to examine the hypothesis that stored representation itself could be changed to having the better impressions by the repeated exposure. We used face images with quantitatively manipulating facial impressions regarding elegance. We conducted experiment with presenting stimuli, recognition test and preference ratings in this order in our previous study (Sakuta et al., 2009). As the result, it was suggested that our hypothesis would be supported when the stimuli were subliminally exposed. However, there were not any differences between the preference ratings of the targets and distracters. This time we conducted experiment with presenting stimuli, preference ratings and recognition test in this order. As the result, the repeated stimuli were slightly preferred to novel stimuli. More clear results with improved procedure will be needed in the future research.

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This study investigated the effect of an interference strategy on memory suppression to negative words in Think/No-Think paradigm (Anderson & Green, 2001). The interference strategy is to think a related thought to a target in suppression. The result showed that the suppression effect size in participants in the interference strategy group (N=19) was higher than in control group (N=21). It indicated that the inference strategy enhanced memory suppression effect.

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The most popular theory of negative priming (NP) is inhibition theory, which supposes that the inhibition to a distracter in a prime trial persists by the next probe trial. The theory could not get a confirmation since NP was not always shown to decay as a function of RSI (response-stimulus-interval). Neil, Valdes, Terry, & Gorfein (1992) found that the inconsistent results were due to experimental designs. They found that NP did not decay in a between-block experiment, and negated inhibition theory. They instead proposed episodic trace retrieval theory which supposes that relative size of RSI and PRSI (previous RSI) determines NP. However, as Conway (1999) suggested, RSI and PRSI were set equal in the between-block experiment by Neil et al. In addition, temporal uncertainty (TU), which inhibition theory supposed to influence on NP, in the between-block design could be lower than that in the within-block design. The results of Neil et al., therefore, could not be regarded as the confirmation of episodic trace retrieval theory. This study aimed to measure TU by simple reaction time in the ordinary within-block experiment in addition to NP, and explore the relationship between TU and NP. The results showed that TU differed among PRSI-RSI conditions, and that TU was negatively correlated with NP, supporting inhibition theory.

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Sakai et al. (2009) found significant odor-context dependent effect at a 4-s/word rate, but no effect at 8-s/word rate. The present study investigated whether the dishabituation of the odor at study by presenting a novel odor during the retention interval would recover the odor-context dependent recall. Forty undergraduates individually received 20 words at a rate of 8 s/word in the presence of an odor randomly selected from four odors. They were required to report associates of currently presented words. During a 5-min filled retention interval, a novel odor to that at study was atomized for 30 s. After the retention interval, participants unexpectedly required to free recall the encoded words orally for 60 s in the presence of either the same odor as at study or the different odor from that at study. Significant context-dependent effect appeared, implying that habituation of odor modulates the odor-context dependent memory.

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Twenty-one (Experiment 1) or 26 (Experiment 2) undergraduates received 45 words presented in one of five type fonts randomly selected from 10 type fonts at a rate of 5 s (Experiment 1) or 4 s (Experiment 2) per word. The undergraduates were required to respond associates of currently presented words. The first five words were used for primacy buffers. Twenty-four h after the encoding, participants received 40 old and 40 new words. Half of the old and new words were presented in the same type font as at encoding, and the other old and new words were in type font selected from new five type fonts. Participants were required to judge whether the currently presented word had been presented at encoding or not. Results showed clear context-dependent effects in hit and false alarm rates, but no effects in recognition discrimination (CRS), supporting the ICE theory.

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Compound words are composed by joining more than two free morphemes. Compound words are divided according to their meaning formation. Transparent compounds formed its meaning from constituents but opaque compounds had no relation with constituents. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether an identical strategy is used to process compound words regardless of a linguistic difference. Here we run the experiment adopted native Korean speaker. A partial repetition-priming technique was used in order to assess whether each constituent morpheme of compound accessed decompositionally regardless of a semantic transparency. We found that the partial constituent priming helped transparent compound word processing faster whereas the partial constituent priming interrupted opaque compound meaning assembling. This result showed that the processing strategy for compound words would be different according to how the meaning of compounds is formed.

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Recently, linguistic literature has examined the difference in ambiguity advantage according to the word's semantic relatedness, whether it is polysemy of homonymy. In the case of Korean nouns, ambiguity is not clearly defined. In experiment 1, we examined the number of dictionay meanings, the number of dictionary senses, and the number of subjective meanings in Korean nouns and conducted lexical decision tasks to see which above-mentioned factors determines the ambiguity advantage. According to regression analysis, the number of subjective meanings was the strong determinant in identifying the ambiguity advantage. Lexical decition task was conducted in experiment in order to clarify the results obtained in experiment 1 by controlling the word frequency and familiarity in the material used in the experiment. The results showed that ambiguous word produced faster reponses compared to unambiguous words which signify the ambiguity advantage.

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In studies on word recogntion, tasks which ask participants to make yes-no judgments have been known to bias their performance. As an alternative, the Go/no-go task was recently introduced in which 'no' responses are not required. This task, however, does not appear to be able to completely remove the response selection process. We proposed a new task, a variant of the Go/no-go task, which does not include nonword trials. Advantages and disadvantages were discussed for the yes/no lexical decision task and the go/no-go task.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of schema and target verbalization on recognition memory and recollective experience. Forty participants watched the animation describing the kitchen, which included schema-consistent targets and schema-inconsistent targets. Following the animation presentation, half of the participants verbalized the targets included in the animation. The other half of them did not verbalize the targets. Then, participants completed recognition test consisted of targets, schema-consistent distracters, and inconsistent distracters. Furthermore, remember-know judgment task was given. We found the hit rate and the remember judgment rate for schema-inconsistent targets were higher than those for schema-consistent targets. The false alarm rate, the remember judgment rate, and the know judgment rate for schema-consistent distracters were higher than those for schema-inconsistent distracters. And target-verbalization caused miss for the targets. We suggested the targets which were not verbalized could be missed on recognition test.

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