[in Japanese]

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It is known that older adults, but not young adults, show priming of distractor words following a picture identification task. One possible explanation is the hypothesis that cognitive aging is caused by age-related functional declines in inhibition. Based on previous studies of cultural psychology, we have been investigating the interaction between cultural and aging effects on contextual/distractor information processing, expecting that East Asian participants might show a different cognitive profile for inhibition of distracting information. Two experiments have been executed with Japanese older participants following the same experimental procedure as Rowe et al. (2006). We found results that older adults showed no priming effects of distractor words with Kanji Perceptual Identification Task. Because only younger Japanese adults exhibited priming effects with Word Fragment Completion task (Harada & Asano, 2010, Exp. 1), hypothetical differences in language processing between English and Japanese and their interactions with aging are discussed.

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Aberrant attention and visual perception have been considered core deficits of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence of global advantage effect and global/local level repetition and switching effects in schizophrenia. Participants were twenty patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls and were administered the global-local tasks including repetitions and switching of global/local level. Patients showed more errors on the global level than those on the local level, but there was no difference between both levels in controls. Healthy controls showed reaction time of the local-to-global level switch was shorter than that of the global-to-local levels switch. On the other hand, there was no difference between both switches in patients. These findings suggest an impaired ability to shift the visual attention from local to global processing in patients with schizophrenia.

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The size perception is one of important capabilities for us in daily life. Therefore, many studies on size perception have been conducted, while most of them have focused on visual modality. It has been reported that we can discriminate the difference of object length by only sound and easily tend to match object size with loudness. In this study, we conducted whether perceived visual size altered by presenting auditory stimuli simultaneously. The results indicated that the size of visual object was perceived as larger when the synchronous louder sound was presented. Moreover, it was suggested that this audio-visual interaction had a temporal window similar to that was reported in the previous studies and the interaction occurred depending on the modal information reliabilities defined by the retinal eccentricity or the sound intensity.

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We investigated whether or not the instruction for conflict frequency in each visual-field modulates the compatibility effect (CE). Previous studies with stimulus-response compatibility paradigm demonstrated that the probability for compatible/incompatible trials modulates CE. Thus, high probability for compatible trial leads to the enhancement of CE. In our experiment, forty right-handed participants were divided into two groups. Both the groups were given the flanker task in which they were identified a target among 5-letter strings that was presented to a left or right visual-field. The appearance probability for compatible trials was 50 % in each visual-field. While one group was told that the appearance probability for one visual-field was three times as that of the opposite. Another group did not receive this instruction. Results showed that CE in each visual-field was invariable in both the groups. These suggested that intention derived from the instruction does not modulate CE.

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This study examined the influence of recall of post-event information source monitoring by using post-event information effect paradigm. This paradigm is composed of three stages (event stage, post-event information stage, memory test stage). In the recall condition, participants remembered post-event information just after post-event information stage in detail. As a result, it was difficult for participants of the recall condition to attribute misinformation that was presented only in post-event information to correct source. On the other hand, there was no significant difference about misinformation effect between recall condition and control condition. These mean that misinformation was judged non-presented item. Post-event information included various items as well as eight test items. A lot of items except the test item were recalled. Therefore misinformation might be inhibited. That is, recall of post-event information could cause retrieval induced forgetting.

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We investigated a repetition and lag effect on the recognition of Hebb digit series. These digit series were constructed by the nine randomly arranged numbers. Participants learned one digit at a time for short duration and after learning they decided whether a probe matched to a part of the series. Several digit series were repeated seven times with one of three lags (1,4,or6) in total 130 trials. Results showed that the performance raised with increasing repetition when the lag was short. We will discuss a relation between the repetition effect and learning time.

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Chun & Potter (1995) found that the difference in phonological familiarity between targets and distracters influences their attentional blink. Mizuno & Matsui (2010), however, supposed that the difference not in phonological familiarity but in visual familiarity should influence attentional blink of native Japanese readers because they had found that Japanese rely not on phonological codes but on visual codes in letter processing, and conducted an experiment and proved the validity of their supposition. This study explored if phonological codes had little influence on attentional blink for Japanese readers by examining the effect of articulatory suppression on attentional blink of both native readers. The results showed that articulatory suppression did not influence attentional blink of Japanese readers but that of English readers, indicating that Japanese readers do not rely heavily on phonological codes while English readers do even in attentional blink experiment.

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