The present study were carried out to examine the possibility of that the congruity between the text color and the object of each word could be effctive in intentional memory. Using the intentional memory procedure in a group, 28 participants were presented color words and asked to choose the 4 color altenatives correspnded to text color of each words, and then to remember the words, followed by a free recall tests. The text color and and the objects indicated by word can be either congruent (e.g., Lemon written in yellow) and incongruent (e.g., Fish written in red). The words written in congruent colors were recalled more oftenly than those written in incongruent colors. The results were interpreted as showing that the text colors could be effective cues to retrieve the words, and indicating the possibiity of a kind of Stroop effects in intentional memory.

Previous studies found that episodic simulation for helping increases helping intention (e.g., Gaesser et al., 2014). Morris et al. (2018) demonstrated that imagining harm behavior increased intention to do harm behavior. Although people might imagine helping and no helping for decision making when they encounter a person in need, it remains unclear whether imagining no helping undermines intention to helping. We considered this issue via online experiment. The results indicated that those who imagined helping in response to the stories describing a person in need reported the higher rating of helping intention relative to those who imagined no helping and those who considered media sources of the stories (i.e. control group). Thus, our results suggest that the effect of imagining on intention depends on types of imagined behavior.

Storm’s (2012) study suggests inhibition may promote this positivity effect by deterring negative memories from being retrieved. But it is not revealed there has a relationship between the retrieval-induced-forgetting Effect and the autobiographical memories emotion valence. On the other hand, the previous study’s participants recalled memories of specified emotion. Finally, the autobiographical recall was scored for each participant as the proportion of keywords that elicited an autobiographical memory of the appropriate valence. So In this study, we used the retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm and autobiographical memories free recall task, to measured individual differences in retrieval-induced forgetting and correlated that individual differences in the free recall of autobiographical memories. Participants who exhibited higher levels of retrieval-induced forgetting recalled significantly more positive memories.

In this study, we examine the recognition process of different types of four-kanji-compound word and the relation between the first part of jukugo and its whole.

We examined the relation between first part of jukugo and its whole by the use of priming paradigm, where the subjects were asked to make lexical decisions as in the previous study(Hirose.1994). The first part of jukogos were divided into four conditions: independent words of seigo, independent words of kanyogo, combination words of seigo and control. The results showed that the effect of the type was significant. An activation was found if the words of four conditions were presented as prime stimulus. That means the RT becomes shorter in the order of control, independence words of kanyogo, independence words of seigo and combination words of seigo. That means the relation between the two parts of jukugo is weak in kanyogo.

previous study has indicated that we capture a representation of sequence order along mental timeline, which flows from left to right. In this study, we examined whether the association between the left-right space and the sequence order is due to the encoding strategy at a learning phase. To achieve that purpose, we told the existence of the order comparison task and the reference point used in the task after participants finished the learning phase in this experiment. The result showed the association of space-sequence same as the previous study. It suggests that the association occurs at the time of order comparison rather than at the time of learning.

The support of many spectators in sporting events makes the players run harder. The effect of this cheering is even greater in home games where there are many people cheering than a relatively small number of away games. This suggests that the reaction of more people may have a greater impact on the behavior of a person.

In this experiment, we tried to find out whether the difference in the number of respondents influences human learning or decision making by recreating the situations with many respondents and few situations in the laboratory through the behavioral experiment paradigm.

A lot of equipment in everyday life is now based on IC technology, and these menus are usually presented by hierarchical structure, even though it is often said that hierarchical structure is hard to learn for some users, such as older adults. In this experiment, we compared two age groups, between older- (65 up) and younger- (undergraduate students) adults, and investigated effects of contents familiarities on the use of hierarchical menu structure. In the experiment, participants had to find some specific information with two systems, which differ in contents familiarity. Results showed that the both age groups performed worse with lower contents familiarity system, however this effect was prominent in older adults. That is, older adults can use hierarchical structure if they know the information contents, but not when they are not familiar with them, while younger adults can use the hierarchical structure even with unfamiliar contents.

The cosmetic value is perceived not only by these functions but also by the “kansei value” such as texture perception during use, although specific method to measure temporal texture change during applying cosmetics have not been established. To catch the dynamic texture perception of cosmetic products, we applied the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (Pineau et al., 2009). In our method, participants applied skincare products on their hand and selected the sensory attributes by their gaze behavior to avoid interfering with their application behavior and texture perception. We will discuss about the results of dynamic texture characteristics between two kinds of skincare products, and how participants' feelings of dynamic texture change was influenced by their interest in cosmetics.

Echolocation is a method to localize objects based on the reflection of sound. Sighted individuals can estimate distance from an obstacle by echo cues, whereas the estimates would be systematically biased so that the individuals underestimate or overestimate a target distance (Zahorik, Brungart, & Bronkhorst, 2005). The present study examined the bias in distance estimates by echo cues while manipulating a target distance. Also, the present study examined effects of day (1 or 2 day) and retention period (5, 10, 15 s) on accuracy of the estimates. The results showed that individuals’ estimated distance was approximated to the psychophysical function of a physical target distance. In addition, the accuracy was improved across two days, but no significant effect of the retention period was shown. We suggest that the distance estimates by echo cues is systematically biased, and sighted individuals underestimate or overestimate the target distance.

Curved objects are generally preferred to sharp angled objects regardless of object types (e.g., Bar & Neta, 2006). However, the size of the effect varied substantially across the previous studies, potentially due to the differences in presentation time and rating scales. The present study examined that presentation time and rating scales contribute to preference bias toward curved objects. We presented two types (real or meaningless) of curved and sharp angled objects with 90 ms of exposure duration in a like/dislike judgement task (Experiment 1). The results showed that participants preferred the curved real objects to the sharp angled real objects, but the effect did not occur with meaningless objects, when the presentation time was unlimited (Experiment 2), or when participants judged along the 0-100 scale (Experiment 3). We suggest that the presence or absence of the preference of curved objects depends on the presentation time and rating scales.

This study examines the effect of present and future situation on the temporal distance estimation to the future. The effect of present and future situation on time expression was verified. In Experiment, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of positivity/negativity situation of the present and the future on the judgment of subjective the distance to a certain future time. The results are as follows. When the present is positive and the future is negative, the future looks closer than the objective temporal distance and comes faster, when the present is negative and the future is positive, the future looks farther and comes slower. On the other hand, when the present and the future are both negative, the future looks coming slower. And when the present and the future are both positive, the future is expected to come faster.

In the previous study, we examined that shift of attention in depth direction in real and mirrored spaces. We found that the similarity of allocation of attention in depth direction in real and mirrored spaces. In the present study, attention in real and mirrored space was examined in the restricted vision by using a goggle. The information about the direction of a target relative to the fixation point (near / far) was used as pre-cues by means of colors. The participant was required to detect the target depending on pre-cues. Results indicated that only a main effect of the cue validity was significant, but a main effect of observation condition and an interaction was not significant. This finding suggests that attention was controlled by pre-cues in both forward and backward spaces.

Size illusion such as hallway illusion is that although retinal sizes of two objects in the

hallway are identical, the perceived size changes based on the location of the objects in the

hallway. Recent evidence suggests that neural activity in V1, the first site of visual

processing in the cortex, seem to be modulated by the perceived size, not by the retinal

size. Furthermore, the receptive field of V1 neurons may change its spatial characteristics

due to the illusion. These findings suggest that the hallway illusion can occur as rapid as the

processing speed of a visual stimulus reaches V1. We tested this hypothesis using a

behavioral paradigm, in which we varied the stimulus duration and used visual masking. The

results show that hallway illusion does not depend on the stimulus duration nor whether or

not the visual masking was used, which is consistent with the previous findings.

The present study investigated the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on stereoscopic vision. Sixty participants (20 AD patients, 20 mild cognitive impairment patients, and 20 healthy elderly controls) participated in the study. Two cubes appeared at varying distances from the observer with their relative distances controlled in two disparity conditions (i.e., absolute vs relative disparity) combined with two disparity directions (i.e., crossed vs uncrossed disparity). Results demonstrated comparable performance with all three groups performing accurately.

Participants observed the hot and cold environment movies with immersive head-mounted display. When they observed the movies, their left hand fingertip skin temperature was measured by the thermography. For the first 3 minutes, there was no difference of the temperature between the hot and cold environment movies observation. On the other hand, for the last 2 minutes, the temperature of fingertip was higher when the participants watched the cold environment movies than the hot environment movies. These results suggested that the virtual reality environment would effect on the thermoregulation system of the body.