This research seeks to explore the dynamics of spatiotemporal interactions between a high-speed rail project and the associated land-use patterns, particularly those surrounding stations, thereby providing insights into ridership forecasting and even regional development. Based on the case study, an integrated framework is proposed to analyze the dynamic process of transportation-land-use evolution involving spatiotemporal interactions in two stages, where a multiple linear regression model and a panel data analysis model are developed respectively. The process begins from the planning stage as the general public and investors may take certain actions in response to the development potential due to the expected mobility increase. Then throughout the entire project horizon, the key issues and specific development conditions that may be required to foster the process are identified. The research finding indicates that there are interactions between high-speed rail facilities and regional development.

抄録全体を表示

This paper develops a road network design tool for maximizing route diversity redundancy from travelers' perspective. New links are added to create as many origin-destination (O-D) pairs with alternative distinct routes as possible, such that the impact of disruptions can be potentially reduced. This problem is formulated as a binary integer bi-level program (BLP), where the upper-level maximizes the total number of O-D pairs with alternative distinct routes subject to a budget constraint, and the lower-level determines the maximum number of distinct routes between each O-D pair under a given design scheme. The BLP model is further reformulated as an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear program (MILP), which allows existing commercial solvers for its globally optimal solution. The proposed route diversity redundant network design tool contributes to enhancing network resiliency against disruptions in the pre-disaster stage of transportation network planning, and assisting in the redundancy-oriented time-dependent transportation network growth.

抄録全体を表示

The classical method of mode utilization prediction in urban scale commonly used the technique in the form of a mathematical model that is static. Modeling substances generally focused on efforts to find the best composition of mode utilization based on criteria that built from utility on each alternative mode. Relationships between variable that determine the utilization attractiveness of the mode treat as an exogenous component. As result the dynamic change of each determinant variable cannot automatically calculated in the model. Prediction of mode utilization fraction became constant and static. In the reality, in the context of urban dynamic, factors that influence the attractiveness of mode utilization like degree of road level of service, travel time, transport cost, etc. change in the high intensity. This modeling research tries to accommodate dynamic change in the determinant factors of the mode utilization attractiveness, especially road level of service factor, into mode utilization fraction model dynamically. The research question in this modeling research is how to build the model that can capturing the dynamics behavior of transport mode utilization. The methodology that used to answer the research question is system dynamics technique.

抄録全体を表示

This paper explores the patterns of time use and immobility behaviour in Bandung city, the second biggest metropolitan area in Indonesia. A three-week of time use and activity diary is used for this purpose. The between- and within-individual day-to-day variations in time use allocation are examined. The immobile behaviour and time use allocations are also examined by panel and multilevel models. The results clearly show distinct weekday and weekend patterns of respondents’ time use distribution. Perceived accessibility measures were found to play more important roles in affecting immobile behaviour and time use allocations than residential built environment measures. An accessible residential location can encourage a higher travel and activity participations which lead to different time use distributions, compared to the ones who live within less accessible residential location.

抄録全体を表示

This study aims to find the factors affecting residents near transit stations within 1 kilometer, called transit-oriented development (TOD) residents, to increase non-motorized travel (walking to transit) and reduce motorized vehicle uses. Among 322 respondents, 48% are walkers for transit use. As for motorized mode users, 29% are rail users coming to transit by motorized vehicles. 23% are car users to workplace. Rate of walking to transit is quite low which results from the main barriers of motorcycle taxis that hinder the easy access and walkability. Moreover, poor pedestrian conditions affect the decision of walking to transit use. This paper examines mode choice behavior of TOD residents who are expected to walk and use transit in daily travel. Binary regression model is employed to describe the travel mode choice behaviors for TOD residents. Main variables used in model estimation are socio-economics, residence and workplace locations, travel behaviors and pedestrian characteristics.

抄録全体を表示

This study aims to analyze egress routes depending on, among other factors that influence evacuation in the event of an outbreak of fire, the characteristics of occupants and the initial points of fire, using the GongEgress simulation program. The simulation result shows that the evacuation time of the vulnerable users is found to take 18% longer than that of ordinary people, and the transfer passageways have lower survival probability compared to that of the platforms. Through the analysis of the results, the structural features of the underground subway station and the points of fire are proved to be the major factors that determine the survival probability of the occupants. Therefore, safety training for passengers through conducting fire drills at the station or fire accident simulations is considered necessary for prevention and proper response to underground subway fires.

抄録全体を表示

While sometime bike lane (BL) shows its ineffectiveness as it is ignored by cyclists, the investigation of BL's efficiency has its limitations. Previous studies often based on stated preference survey to seek for subjective preference trends under effect of impact factors. However, quantitative investigation on objective BL usage efficiency in reality has not been observed. This study investigated BL usage based on objective observation on the streets in daily cycling practice environment, aiming to validate the afore-mentioned subjective trends with the observed objective BL usages. The results showed that impact trends of the factors on BL usage were, generally, consistent with the subjective facility preference trends. Particularly, while man gender, bus stop existence and pedestrian volume were positively correlated with BL usage, vehicle volume and woman gender showed the negative correlation. These findings could potentially help in forecasting BL usage before implementing to avoid ineffectiveness of BLs in the future.

抄録全体を表示

The tourism-driven traffic has generated a huge amount of carbon dioxide emissions and raised the attention of environmental sustainability. This study investigates tourists' preferences on mode choices at a green destination in Taiwan. We consider both transportation- and tourism-related attributes to examine preferences among five alternatives. A stated-preference questionnaire is developed to collect 383 valid responses in terms of the principle of systematic sampling. Regarding tourists' heterogeneous behaviors, Mixed Logit (ML) and Latent Class Model (LCM) are utilized to analyze the collected responses. The results show that all adopted attributes are statistically significant. More importantly, LCM can exceptionally outperform conventional multinomial logit model (MNL) and ML. LCM successfully segments tourists into three groups and reveals distinct effects from marriage and income status of tourists. Then corresponding parameters of individual groups are estimated and a simulation further reveals the conversion among modes when different transportation policies are implemented.

抄録全体を表示

Airport connectivity is the basic and core element in analyzing an aviation network. It has been applied in various studies to understand how network transformation is related to market growth and how it influences airport development. Nevertheless, airport connectivity lacks a common definition and measurement. This study intends to explore airport connectivity from an airport viewpoint by introducing the concept of airport network unit, which helps to clarify the content and types of airport connectivity. A conceptual research framework of airport connectivity is developed to analyze its relationship with various markets. Different airport connectivity measurements and indicators are also illustrated. The airport connectivity of the top 200 airports was measured using Innovata 2016 flight data. Results showed that the well-defined proposed framework and the simplified connectivity indicators could help understanding the driving forces behind the aviation network formation, airport competition, and market-related topics.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper we propose a new concept to prioritize the importance of a link in a directed network graph based on an ideal flow distribution. An ideal flow is the infinite limit of relative aggregated count of random walk agents' trajectories on a network graph distributed over space and time. The standard ideal flow, which is uniformly distributed flow over space and time, maximize the entropy for the utilization of a network. We show that the simulated trajectories of random walk agents would form an ideal relative flow distribution is converged to stationary values. This implies that ideal flow matrix depends only on the network structure. Ideal flow matrix is invariant to scalar multiplication and remarkably it is always premagic. Demonstration of ideal flow to the real world network was fitted into Sioux Falls transportation network.

抄録全体を表示

The number of visitors at cities along railway line such as Kanazawa City and Toyama City has been increasing since high speed rail named "Hokuriku Shinkansen" stretched to Kanazawa in March, 2015. In this study, the effect of opening the high speed rail such as change of the number, personal attributes and the place to visit of visitors who live in the place far from Kanazawa and Toyama City where are target cities were analyzed using big date of population, mobile spatial statistics. As the results, visitors coming from region along the rail have been increasing compared to before opening and they visited around the Shinkansen stations or famous tourist spots. Furthermore, the factors in places where the visitors visit in Kanazawa city was analyzed with multiple regression analysis. These results suggested that the number of visitors have been increased but visitors of one-day trip increased because they can return home easier than before.

抄録全体を表示

Because of the deterioration of the environment in many major cities, currently great efforts have been put on encouraging the use of greener transport modes. As electric vehicles are environmentally friendly, considerably more electric vehicles are expected on roads in the near future. This paper studies the electric vehicle routing problem, which is based on the conventional vehicle routing problem but electric vehicles are used for serving customers. An enhanced artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted as a solution method. To reduce the number of vehicles in the solution, a route elimination procedure is proposed and incorporated into the algorithm. Three methods of inserting recharging stations into solutions are discussed and used. Computation tests are performed to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and the impact of algorithmic parameters. The results show that even for the large network instances, the algorithm can get good solutions using small computing times.

抄録全体を表示

It has been noted that highway systems are increasingly threatened by natural disasters in Taiwan, especially disrupted by typhoons and earthquakes. In order to improve the utilization of existing infrastructure and increase system resiliency, a truck-rail-truck intermodal logistics dispatching support system is developed for alleviating highway disruptions. The study starts from a typical intermodal freight timed-transfer problem and then considers multiple schedule disturbances occurred at terminals operating in time-dependent, stochastic and dynamic environments. The proposed dispatching decision support system can assist terminal operators determining whether each ready outbound train should be dispatched immediately or held waiting for some late incoming trucks with connecting freight, while considering system reliability under multiple uncertainties occurred within the studied networks.

抄録全体を表示

Oil vulnerability emerged as a transport policy concern during the period of higher oil prices circa 2003 to 2014. This paper assesses and compares 11 Asian Pacific cities of different size regarding their level of oil vulnerability. A scorecard ranking method is developed, building from more established vulnerability concepts of 'exposure', 'sensitivity' and 'adaptive capacity' based on census data, transport agency datasets and previous international studies. The results show city-states such as Hong Kong and Singapore are the least vulnerable despite their complete reliance on imported oil. Conversely, South-East Asia's growing megacities such as Jakarta, Bangkok and Manila, with increasing motorisation, insufficient public transport supply and lower income levels are likely to be the hardest hit in the event of any oil supply shortfall. Implications of this research include that cities aspiring to be oil-free must curb private motorisation and devote their resources towards public transport.

抄録全体を表示

The economic growth and continued urban expansion of Cagayan de Oro city in the Philippines has negative effects in air quality. This has been observed especially in school zones at urban districts. In this study an assessment of road side dust emission, characterization of ambient air quality sources and traffic profile of elementary schools along major arterials are studied. A handheld outdoor dust monitor was used to assess the PM level, while traffic surveys for road side traffic assessment and mobile emissions inventory were utilized for GIS overlay of emission sources. Predominantly PUJs account at least 20% in terms of %PCU observed in Bulua Elementary School. Taking into consideration meteorological factors of PM 2.5 and PM10 the evaluation show values below the standard of PM2.5 and PM10 levels based from WHO.

抄録全体を表示

This paper proposes a method to evaluate a performance of pedestrian facilities in the form of a pedestrian index by incorporating pedestrian responses. It considers the traffic and tourism function of streets in a tourism area. The index uses the 5-star rating, where the higher number of stars, the better the quality of a particular pedestrian facility. The method had been applied to assess selected streets in Melaka World Heritage Site, Malaysia. The results show: (1) for tourism-related street function, it can be interpreted as a good streets environment that is a comfort, convenience, attractive and enjoyable to walk which satisfy all pedestrians' needs. (2) for traffic-related street function, the streets have good pedestrian facilities that are safe, secure and barrier-free which satisfy all pedestrians' needs. (3) for the overall index, four stars rating had been achieved, which means high pedestrian satisfaction on both traffic-related and tourism-related street functions.

抄録全体を表示

To raise the sustainability transportation of a city, it is important to understand the influence of modern housing development, which is increasing its number behalf of economic growth, towards motorization; and frame an urban development policy. This paper empirically investigates how moving into modern housing in suburban areas will affect the residents' motorcycle and automobile ownership and their travel behavior in Hanoi. Also the characteristics of households who own and use automobiles was found to presume automobile ownership in the near future. The result indicates that automobiles increased because of the provided parking lot in the development site. It is also found that the socio-economic factor of the household surely influences automobile ownership, which means that increasing number of automobile could be estimated. With the above results, it is concluded that modern housing is accelerating motorization by removing environmental constraint and creating an automobile-friendly environment.

抄録全体を表示

Through our results based on data collected from 1017 high school students in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, we confirmed that young people in depopulated areas are more willing to migrate in comparison to those in non-depopulated areas. This is done by combining the theory of planned behavior and time perspective theory. Personal achievements and raising big families are drivers to consider migration. A high score in Present-Hedonistic time profile is a good predictor for migration and willingness to return, whereas Past-Positive and Present-Fatalistic score are good predictors for considering a permanent migration. Migration is also influenced by elderly people in household, shorter travel times to school, living in a depopulating area. Social exclusion reflected in heath condition, natural environment and accessibility are drivers of migration as well.

抄録全体を表示

Road accidents are major problems resulting in loss of life and property. Schools are accident-prone locations because majority of road users are students understand about traffic rules. This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of road and pedestrian accidents at primary and secondary schools in Bangkok, Thailand. This research was collected statistical data on road traffic injuries and imported the collected data into Geographic Information System (GIS). Then, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was applied to analyze data of 12 schools in Bangkok Metropolis Administration areas. The results showed that a majority of road accidents occurred in urban areas, crowded areas and intersections with heavy traffic. The suggested solutions were that knowledge of understanding of traffic rules should be promoted among students and a traffic sign consistent with student's learning behavior should be provided.

抄録全体を表示

The coordination of transport and land use have proven to be difficult in the developing world. Three junctions along EDSA (Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue) were analysed and investigated upon how land use affects the behaviour of traffic on a theoretical basis of trip generation. Each junction was modelled on VISSIM, and this paper uses average speed, queue length and average delay as assessment indicators to conduct the comparison. The relationship between the land use pattern and traffic activity was evident in each case study with regard to the occupancy of land. Thus, stronger implementation of policies and better governance is required to alleviate the issues found and raised from each of the case studies and literature.

抄録全体を表示

In order to solve the food desert problem, which is becoming a serious problem among mainly in rural areas of Japan, many studies based on RP data have been made on (1) the number of people in food desert and (2) the demand for shopping support services. With RP data, SP data is also often used in decision making for policies and measures. However, there are few studies which focus on the demand for shopping support services based on SP data (i.e. potential demand). This study aims to clarify the factors which influence on potential demand for shopping support services, in order to obtain fundamental knowledge to develop an estimation model for evaluating potential demand for them. The results demonstrate that people in food desert with low physical ability or poor shopping convenience can be assumed to use shopping support services by improving or newly introducing shopping support services.

抄録全体を表示

Excluding Japan and Korea, there are numerous transportation development plans in the Asian and ASEAN countries. A characteristic of these countries is that there are great economic disparities among residents. Therefore, to realize sustainable urban or transportation progress, it is necessary to consider heterogeneous households when engaging in urban planning. The Computable Urban Economic (CUE) model is one of the major approaches used in Japan to estimate the effects of urban and transportation plans. However, the conventional CUE model does not take into consideration the effect of attributes such as income differences on location choices made by heterogeneous households. In this study, we developed a CUE model that takes heterogeneous households into consideration. This paper describes the results of our evaluation of the effectiveness of this newly developed CUE model using ex-post data from Kobe City.

抄録全体を表示

Since Japan is facing a population declining society, the future rapid increase of traffic demand of urban railway network cannot be expected. In particular, this tendency with reducing the population might be obviously observed in Keihanshin area as western side of Japan. The study aims at pointing the direction of urban railway service in terms of urban public transport system. The change of recent railway traffic demand would be classified according to the urban activities and level of railway services. The essential factors would be summarized to discuss the sustainable development of the area. Furthermore, the estimation model is represented by the variables concerning with urban activities and level of railway service. Finally, the maintaining railway traffic demand would be discussed in the population declining society.

抄録全体を表示

Conversion to the walkable urban structure where people can move without depending on automobiles is required under the social background such as advance of aging society and health issues. Safe and comfortable pedestrian space should be important factor for that purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate comfortability in walking on street spaces based on not only subjective evaluation but also objective evaluation through walking experiment and video experiment. Comfortability on streets spaces was evaluated with physiological indices such as brain waves and heart rates measure as well as questionnaire. Correlation analysis with the results of subjective evaluation, objective evaluation including individual heart rate and the external factors were conducted. The results show that traffic density and width sidewalk as external factors of pedestrian space were statistically related to the comfortability on the both subjective and objective evaluations.

抄録全体を表示

The psychological factors are important factors to understand mode choice behavior. This paper proposes an integrated model combining psychological factors according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain the travelers' intention of using the planned LRT in Khon Kaen city. A sample of 337 participants was administered a questionnaire survey that measured a series of construct based on TPB and TAM. Structural equation models (SEM) technique is used to test causal structure of the models. The results showed that the psychological factors accounted for a significant part of the variance in the intention to use LRT. Attitude and subjective norm are influential factors to LRT choice intention. The perceived ease of use is an important motivational factor behind attitude. The outcomes of this study help to understand travelers' behavior and some effective ways can trigger traveler'intention to use LRT are discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Shared space is an approach intended to reconcile people, streets and traffic to reduce the dominance of vehicles and improve the comfort of pedestrians. The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of pedestrians and motorists in shared spaces containing several transport modes. Data were collected from questionnaires using photo survey. Factors affecting road use experience were embedded in the photo survey for the purpose of testing the preferred shared space scenarios. The multinomial logit modeling technique was used to describe the respondents’ preferences for different scenarios and to quantify the effects of the design-specific factors related to shared spaces. The results reveal that factors such as the presence of vendors, pedestrians and brick paving, as well as vegetation and narrow streets will increase pedestrian comfort and enhance driver alertness when shared spaces are in use. These insights are useful for the implementation of shared space schemes.

抄録全体を表示

At un-signalized mid-block sections, some of the vehicles may yield to pedestrians, who are already at crosswalk location. However, some of the pedestrians are using forced gaps to cross the road section, which may increase chances of an accident. The present study has investigated the effect of individual characteristics on pedestrian crossing speed and gap acceptance behavior for a particular approaching vehicle at mid-block crosswalks in two different cities. Younger and male pedestrians are found to be walking faster than older and female pedestrians respectively. Further, it is also found that as the vehicle speed increases the pedestrian speed as well as the magnitude of accepted gaps increases. As the platoon size increases, delay to pedestrian decreases. The crossing speed and gap acceptance were also found to be dependent on type of approaching vehicle. It is also observed that the vehicular gap available depends on type of vehicle and speed.

抄録全体を表示

As cities are growing, both in size and complexity, it has become increasingly important for transportation systems to integrate intelligent systems to improve their service quality. Transit systems are progressively using global positioning system (GPS) to extract real-time data of the transit units. These data can be used to extract multiple traffic stream characteristics. However, the primary step in using the GPS data is to process it and make it suitable for analyses. In this paper, we have discussed various issues which need to be resolved from the raw GPS data, which we obtained for a period of one month for 25 bus routes in Delhi. Subsequently, we have outlined a sequential approach to select the ideal method for processing the GPS data, so as to estimate travel time and speed on these routes. These measures can then be used further for assessing other traffic stream characteristics.

抄録全体を表示

Due to its significance for bringing the considerably benefit to the transportation network performance, the several initiatives has been proposed for evaluating and improving the pedestrian facilities. However, such efforts are generally conducted within the framework of walkability, which typically put the attention to the walker perspectives. This paper then proposed the different perspective for evaluating the pedestrian facilities by considering several different perspectives, namely, walker perspective, vehicular user perspective and minimum requirement perspective. As different with the previous researches, the pedestrian facilities is firstly evaluated based on their fulfillment to the minimum requirement of pedestrian movement. Further step is conducted based on the walker perspective for acquiring the pedestrian facilities score performance, which can be used for improving the minimum standard as well as the pedestrian facilities. The microsimulation model is then developed for evaluating such interests by taking into account the vehicular user, which is possibly impacted.

抄録全体を表示

From 1980, travel time of Metro Manila bus services have increased by about 64%. To address this increase in travel time and improve service reliability, different studies have proposed providing travel time information and analyzing components that affect total travel time. This paper analyzed the impact of passenger movements and counts to dwell time using a 3-27-1 Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Results show that the ANN model and the OLS linear regression model with similar variables both resulted to high errors in prediction. Further statistical analysis showed that there have been no significant differences between actual values and ANN-predicted values. This suggests that ANN is an acceptable model for dwell time. However, testing results showed that passenger counts only explain about 82% of the variability. As a suggestion, further investigation of other variables (aside from passenger counts) that may affect bus dwell time should be considered.

抄録全体を表示

Sustainable transport has become an important paradigm in transportation planning. One of the measures is to promote the use of bicycle. This study suggests that in a city where cycling demand hardly exists and with traffic being dominated by motorists, bicycle facilities planning methodology will be more supply-based rather than demand-based. Supply-based analysis usually addresses safety factors. However, the methodology should also produce the most “desired” pathway to induce more bicycle users. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to develop bicycle facility planning methodology in the context of developing countries, specifically Bandung City, Indonesia. Analysis was performed in three steps:(i) identifying the potential route; (ii) assessing road segment and intersection geometry; and (iii) formulating design principles of bicycle facilities. This study resulted in three typologies of road segment's compatibility and four typologies of intersection's cycling risks based on the safety, comfort, and attractiveness criteria.

抄録全体を表示

This study is focused on exploring the public transportation routes. Exploration of the alternative routes of the public transportation needs a simultaneous reflection of the locational connectivity, demand for the public transportation, operating costs of the public transportation routes, etc. This study proposes an exploration methodology of the alternative routes of the public transportation using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. Prim's Algorithm was used to form the minimum spanning tree. Also, this study shows, as an example, that the explored alternative routes of the public transportation can change depending on the focus of the policy direction of the public transportation from the supply and demand perspective.

抄録全体を表示

This study identified the determinants that promote walkability and use of nonmotorized transport (NMT) in a medium-sized city of the Philippines. Data surveyed from 400 respondents using a 23-item questionnaire were analyzed using statistical analysis. Results showed significant relationships between attitudinal beliefs towards walking and use of NMT and likelihood to use these modes. Socio-economic attributes (gender, age, income, educational level and employment status) also showed significant relationships. Multiple linear regression resulted in models showing three main predictors to walking: the individual's intrinsic preference for walking, attitudinal belief on walking as facilitative of physical fitness, and perception that walking is the most flexible mode of transport. Two predictors for NMT use emerged: cycling is the most convenient mode of transport, and the strong personal preference for NMT over public transport. Practical recommendations to increase modal share of walking and use of NMT are likewise discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Railway level crossings in urban areas can impose substantial delays on road traffic and can produce poor safety outcomes when road users ignore warnings to avoid delays. Grade separation is a solution but comes at a substantial cost. This paper focuses on predicting the closure times of urban railway level crossings and is part of a broader research program examining the potential for Intelligent Transport Systems to reduce delays at urban railway level crossings. Using data generated from a simulation model, regression and neural network models are developed relating a range of explanatory variables to crossing closure time. The results highlight that if closure times are to be predicted more accurately, there is a need for improved real time data including train speed data and more accurate data on whether a particular train is to stop at a station adjacent to the crossing or run express through the level crossing.

抄録全体を表示

Walking behavior at signalized crosswalks or passageways in rainy conditions can Walking behavior at signalized crosswalks or passageways in rainy conditions can observations were conducted to calibrate the fundamental relationships in various rainy conditions with various bidirectional pedestrian flow ratios at signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong. A potential field cellular automaton simulation model was proposed to investigate walking behavior at crosswalks in rainy conditions, such as pedestrians'lifting or lowering their umbrellas, which resulted in the umbrellas overlapping during the crossing process. The simulation results show that the proposed model can reproduce the phenomenon of quick-forming pedestrian streams for pedestrians with umbrellas at signalized crosswalks. Rainfall intensity and the pedestrian bidirectional flow ratio have various effects on averagev walking speeds. The proposed simulation model is particularly useful for the design of intersections with signalized crosswalks in Asian cities with relatively high annual rainfall intensity.

抄録全体を表示

In many cities of developing countries, buses are the backbone of public transport. However, most of them currently operate in mixed and heavily loaded traffic flow. Illustrative examples of these cities are Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, which are called motorcycle dependent cities (MDCs). A lack of priority lanes for buses on urban roadways is one of the main causes leading to the poor quality of bus services and the rapid growth of individual motorised traffic in these cities. Consequently, MDCs are facing critical transport problems in terms of traffic congestion, environmental pollution, traffic accidents, and economic loss. In order to prioritise buses under heavily loaded traffic conditions on urban roadways of MDCs, this paper introduces a new type of bus lanes, namely partial dynamic bus lanes.

抄録全体を表示

This study aims to assess the prospects for rationalizing road public transport services along the section of a rail transit line extension, which is currently under construction. Once operational, there will be a more direct competition between it and the current road public transport services along the study area such as jeepneys and UV Express vehicles. Data on the jeepney and UV Express drivers' perspective about the construction of the Line 2 Extension, the process of route modification, and preferences about route rationalization were collected through interview surveys, and travel times of competing modes are estimated. These are analyzed to determine possible route modifications to optimize transport services with respect to the transit line from the drivers' perspective. The process of route modification as regulated by the government is also discussed. Recommendations are made for modified routes based on the outcomes of the surveys and analysis.

抄録全体を表示

To provide pedestrian friendly environment is one of the most important policy of transportation system development in Taiwan. Therefore, in Taiwan, the pedestrian-only phase has been implemented at many intersections to support a policy of human-oriented transportation development for providing a better environment for pedestrians. This paper aim to develop an optimized, group-based signal timing model for the pedestrian-only phase of intersections based on a traffic flow stream-conflict matrix. The relationships among starting time point of green time and the length of effective green time, and lost time were the variables considered for generating a model for optimal signal timing. By conducting a field survey using real cases, the model was developed and applied. The results of optimization of signal timing show to be able to improve the efficiency of intersection signaling compared to existing signal timing.

抄録全体を表示

This paper proposes a novel approach, called dynamic integrated slack-based measure (DISBM) modeling approach, to evaluating multi-period non-radial slacks of non-storable production characterized with carry-over activities. The proposed modeling approach incorporates conventional dynamic slack-based measure (DSBM) technical efficiency and service effectiveness into data envelopment analysis (DEA) modeling such that multi-period input excesses, output shortages and consumption gaps can be simultaneously determined. Some important properties of the proposed DISBM modeling are explored. A case study on the efficiency and effectiveness of Taiwan’s intercity bus transport during 2007-2010 is presented. The results indicate that the proposed DISBM modeling is superior to conventional DSBM modeling in terms of benchmarking power, and that the non-radial slacks associated with input, output and consumption variables do provide rational information to rectify the inefficient and/or ineffective units throughout the production process.

抄録全体を表示

The current situation for the Japanese taxi industry is very severe, especially in regional areas. An ever-decreasing number of passengers are using these services, and the government and taxi industry are trying to improve the currently unfavourable business environment. In order to do this, it is necessary to first understand how the characteristics of taxi journeys are affected by temporal and spatial changes. This study aims to elucidate the actual usage of taxis in a regional city in Japan, Toyohashi, by analysing digital data recorded from taxi trips, which were collected automatically by digital tachographs equipped with GPS. We also analysed the characteristics that affected taxi usage in individual districts using multiple regression analyses.

抄録全体を表示

Recently, the study of extending the service life of bridges has gained attention. Many bridges have been built during high economic-growth periods, and have now reached the end of their service life. Therefore, their rebuilding and the extension of their service life must be considered. The bridges in the Hokuriku region have been subject to harsh environmental factors. For example, flying salt due to the weather characteristics of winter, influence of water from an underground pipe with nozzles that spray liquid to melt snow, sprinkling salt as antifreeze, damage from the alkali silica reaction peculiar to Hokuriku region, and seismic risk caused by active fault zones. The bridge-inspection data was received for three prefectures in Hokuriku. The soundness of the bridge and the degree of degradation are recorded in the inspection data. In this study, we propose a repair-priority determination method considering the seismic risk by using a principal component analysis.

抄録全体を表示

Currently, many methods and technologies have been introduced to reduce new material usage and energy consumption. One approach is using reclaimed asphalt pavement ( RAP) as renewable material which allows natural resources conservation. Moreover, applying warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology can reduce energy consumption comparing to hot mix asphalt (HMA). One of the major concerns with WMA is moisture sensitivity which causes more chance of stripping occurrence. The aim of this study is to investigate moisture sensitivity of WMA with four RAP proportions (0% , 20% , 35% and 50% ) comparing to HMA. Effect of two additive types (Sasobit^® and Advera^® ) and two lower mixing temperatures (150°C and 130°C) on the moisture damage were also evaluated. Results from this study show that the Sasobit® modified WMA with 35% and 50% RAP have high moisture damage resistance as indicated with TSR greater than 80%. for both 150°C and 130°C mixing temperatures.

抄録全体を表示

Managing costly road assets requires systematic approach which assures adequate decision in each step of project life-cycle namely planning, designing, building and managing. Authors suggested highway functional classification which takes into account not only technical (or administrative) classification but also functional classification in road asset management. The key issue is to how to manage existing assets in the way that it delivers maximum benefit to the public taking into account limited financial resources. Road asset management system was reviewed from perspective of four major components such as goals, budget, asset and performance in the scope of highway functional classification. Proposed approach to network level of analysis simplifies road network evaluation and uses the analytic hierarchy process to rank regions in terms of asset, cost and traffic. The study employs data collected in Uzbekistan and other CIS countries for analyzing and making discussion.

抄録全体を表示

Thin asphalt overlay has been regularly used in mill-fill operation to resurface deteriorated wearing course for heavy duty pavement area in Taiwan. Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) thin layer could be more durable and economical than traditional open-graded friction course (OGFC) in terms of the life-cycle cost. However, if PAC is not adequately designed, it will require frequent repair because of premature failures of the wearing courses which are commonly caused by deformation and raveling. The aim of this study was to characterize the rutting performance of the PAC. Test results showed that the use of the Marshall stability index is not related to PAC rutting performance. The rut depth of the PACs seems to be less ensitive to gradation as high-viscosity binder is used. The Burgers model satisfactorily explained the mixture rutting behavior. The results clearly demonstrated that rutting resistance was improved with increasing the mixture viscosity.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, the numerical models and performance models for pavement performance are proposed and incorporated into the finite element program to predict the pavement distress such as rutting and fatigue cracking for LTPP test pavement sections in USA, and the results are compared with the measured distress. The numerical approach for the theory of plasticity and fractural mechanics are also developed for the pavement performance analysis. It is shown that the proposed constitutive models and distress models can predict the pavement distress and the results are close to the measured distress.

抄録全体を表示

Rejuvenator has gradually becoming to be a commonly-used soft agent to be used in recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) for the past two decades. Aged bitumen recovered from two different RAPs was mixed with various percentages of recycling agents to produce rejuvenated asphalt binders. The engineering and chemical properties of the blends were evaluated in the laboratory by binder tests including viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, gel permeation chromatograph, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Test results indicated that: (1) hardened binders could be restored to proper performance characteristics using rejuvenators; (2) the recycling process could produce a final blend that was similar to a reference binder in terms of the viscoelastic properties; (3) the amount of large molecular size was shown to be a characteristic of an asphalt blend, and (4) the formation of carbonyl area in aged asphalt was reduced by the addition of recycling agents.

抄録全体を表示

The use of polymer-modified bitumens (PMBs) has increased significantly for more than two decades. PMBs are usually prepared at high temperatures and subsequently stored for a period of time, also at high temperatures. The attention of this paper is focused in the analysis of the factors that determine the stability of styrene-butadiene-Vstyrene copolymer (SBS)/sulfur modified bitumen maintained at high temperatures. Bitumens from different paving grades were used to prepare SBS/sulfur modified bitumens. Changes in the values of toughness, softening point, as well as in the morphology of PMB samples, stored at 160$#176;C, were related to the bitumen chemical composition and to the sulfur concentrations present in the neat bitumen used in their preparation. The compatibility of the bitumen used to manufacture an SBS binder had an important effect on morphology, with incompatible bitumens forming globular particles but binders made with compatible bitumens retaining a homogeneous appearance.

抄録全体を表示

The research work is carried out with an objective of testing operational performance of a designed truck parking system by means of a traffic microscopic simulation using VISSIM, before execution in field conditions. With the help of designed parking terminal and the predicted parking demand, the entire parking network is modelled by using VISSIM 8.0 software. Based on this simulation model, different scenarios are generated by means of varying demand (different traffic volumes/arrival rates) and supply (parking duration) at different levels. These scenarios majorly include variations in arrival of vehicles with uniform arrival rate at different traffic volumes, uniform estimated traffic volume at different arrival rates and change in parking duration from the estimated design duration. Based on this the functional efficiency over different scenarios are evaluated by means of different parking indices.

抄録全体を表示

This research work is carried out with an objective of developing vehicular trajectory data under heterogeneous traffic conditions in India. However, the actual difficulty lies in development of trajectory data for the heterogeneous traffic. This is due to the fact that automated tools are not much efficient in developing vehicular trajectories under these traffic conditions. For the present study, semi-automated data extraction tool is used for extracting vehicular trajectories. This tool helps in tracking the vehicular movement in terms of longitudinal and lateral coordinates over the study sections. Since, it is a semi-automated tool where vehicle position will be tracked by means of mouse pointer, it may result in high instant accelerations and velocity ranges because of miss clicks. To eliminate and nullify the errors during the trajectory data extraction process, various smoothening techniques are used and trajectory data is smoothened and their effectiveness is analyzed.

抄録全体を表示

This study proposes a methodology to develop homogeneous equivalent for heterogenous traffic conditions using area-occupancy as measure. A well calibrated and validated simulation model is developed in VISSIM software to check the applicability of concept at different flow-levels and varying traffic composition (five different set of composition comprising different vehicle categories such as cars, motorized two-wheeler, bus and trucks). To corroborate homogenous equivalent approach, PCU based flow equivalent conversion is also done, where the PCU values are taken from another study on the same roadway section (Kumar et. al. (2016) and Kumar et. al. (2017)). The comparison made under different scenarios provides Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 8-18 %, validating the accuracy of proposed approach.

抄録全体を表示