IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review

In this paper, we explain a contrivance used to achieve video signal processing of images processing using FPGA. Full-HD, 4K UHD and 8K UHD video signals have a very high speed, and an image processing filter is used for these signals. However, it is difficult to use a CPU to process an image processing filter of video signals in real time. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the image processing filter of video signals into hardware. For this reason, FPGA is used for the implementation of hardware. We proposed some image processing filter algorithms, which were implemented in FPGA. It was found that the FPGA hardware could be applied to video signals without any problems.

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Almost all practical control systems have constraints such as the control input constraint caused by the limited amplitude of the actuators and so forth. If we ignore these constraints, then the performance of the system degrades because of the wind-up phenomenon, and in the worst case the control system becomes unstable. In this paper, we give an overview of constrained control.

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A considerable number of accidents have occurred in the gray zone between the safety domain and danger domain. Two cases can be considered as mechanism to produce the gray zone. In one case, it is difficult for system users to judge whether the system is safe or dangerous. In the design of such systems, designers are required to selectively use designs based on safety assurance or risk avoidance. The other case results from a difference in the thresholds of the perceived risk level for two entities. For example, mutual understanding is required between persons deciding regulations or rules and persons following them. Since it is difficult to completely eliminate the gray zone, this paper focuses on learning in the gray zone for the enhancemant of safety to construct a system safety science.

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Biometrics is translated into Japanese as “Seitai-Ninshou” or “Shintai-Ninshou”. This article gives an overview of the history of developments in the performance evaluation methodology for biometrics. It starts with a description of standardization activities for interoperable data formats and performance evaluation testing technologies developed by NIST and ANSI in USA, followed by international standardization activities related to biometric performance evaluation described in ISO/IEC JTC1 SC37. Although the term “performance evaluation” may remind readers of benchmark tests, the contents of the developed standard provide a framework for biometric system performance evaluation rather than test specifications for benchmarks. Published international standards and technical reports and those under development in SC37 are briefly referred to. Then several topics such as repeatability and reproducibility, a data sampling method without biasing, and the stochastic estimation of performance metrics using a sample data set are outlined as important issues. Confusion and misunderstanding regarding translated Japanese technical terms caused by various domain roots are mentioned. Finally, unsolved problems expected to be researched in future will be discussed.

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