Experimental Animals
Online ISSN : 1881-7122
Print ISSN : 0007-5124
Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
  • Yasushi KONDO
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Naomi NAKAGATA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Embryos, oocytes and spermatozoa of mice could be successfully preserved at -1961 by simple freezing methods. The survival rate of frozen embryos was very high at thawing and they developed into normal young after embryo transfer. In gametes, the cryopreserved oocytes could be fertilized in vitro by fresh spermatozoa and the cryopreserved spermatozoa could fertilize fresh oocytes. Moreover, the cryopreserved oocytes could be fertilized by the cryopreserved spermatozoa and the embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization between cryopreserved gametes could develop into normal, live young after embryo transfer. In the future, if not only the embryos but also the oocytes and spermatozoa of many mouse strains are frozen, normal young can be produced from cryopreserved embryos and gametes.
    Download PDF (1049K)
  • Nobuko MORI, Yasuhiko TAKAMORI, Masaaki OKUMOTO, Ryosuke NISHIKAWA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The recovery kinetics of lymphohematopoietic tissues was studied after split doses (4 X 1.7 Gy) of X-irradiation in NFS mice, which are highly susceptible to radiation-induced lymphoma. Thymic and splenic weights had decreased to a similar extent (42% and 43% of normal) 24 hours after irradiation. Thymic weight began to recover after a continuous decrease for 3 weeks and had attained an almost normal level by 8 weeks after irradiation. In contrast, splenic weight had recovered to more than 70% of the control 1 week after irradiation but recovery was delayed thereafter. The number of thymocytes was remarkably reduced (26% of the normal) 24 hours after the last irradiation and was still significantly lower (60% and 69%) than normal 4 and 8 weeks after irradiation. The nucleated marrow cell number was not as significantly reduced (56% of normal) as thymocyte number 24 hours after exposure and had recovered to an almost normal level by 4-6 weeks after irradiation. The number of femoral CFU-S (spleen colony-forming units) had decreased to 1.7% of the normal level by 24 hours after the last exposure, then showed logarithmic growth. However, recovery ceased 6 weeks after irradiation, at which point the CFU-S number was about 60% of the normal level. These results suggest that disordered lymphohematopoiesis in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow persists for an extended period of time and that this disorder occurrs in connection with a reduction in the femoral CFU-S number.
    Download PDF (760K)
  • Masanori OKAMOTO
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 25-31
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To observe annual sperm concentration variations in the cynomolgus monkey, semen samples from four cynomolgus monkeys were individually collected by the rectal probe electroejaculation technique every two weeks throughout an experimental period of two to three years. The annual variation in mean values of semen volume and sperm concentration in each animal examined were expressed as 0.10 to 0.16ml and 154.54 to 267.17×106 sperm/ml of semen, respectively. The annual sperm concentration variation in samples collected from each animal was between 107 and 109 sperm/ml of semen. It was observed that the percentage of active spermatozoa ranged from 60 to 80 per cent, and correlated with both the sperm concentration and the semen volume. These results suggest that annual variation in sperm concentrations of semen collected by electroejaculation is due to differences in the contraction of muscles adjacent to the accessory genital gland and ampulla elicited by electrical stimulation.
    Download PDF (2346K)
  • —Application for Trachea Transplantation—
    Hiroshi IIDA, Kanji ONO, Yasuyuki SONE, Toshinari ITAOKA, Masayoshi YO ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 33-35
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sometimes endo-tracheal intubation on rats is needed for experiments on the chest, but usually it is difficult. A new oral intubation technique on rats was developed. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, a tracheostomy was carried out, and a smooth coated guiding wire was inserted retrogradely up to the mouth. The tube was then inserted into the trachea from mouth along the guiding wire. This technique is applied to trachea transplantation, and subsequently reduced operative mortality markedly from 54 % to 2%
    Download PDF (382K)
  • Atsushi KAWAGUCHI, Yoshimi NOZAKI, Satoru HOSOKAWA, Osamu TAGAYA, Taka ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new animal model for jaundice, a hyperbilirubinemic rat mutant (EHBR, Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rat), was established from Sprague-Dawley rats. Hyperbilirubinemia was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The gene manifesting jaundice was named“hyb”. Homozygotes developed jaundice immediately after birth, and a high bilirubin concentration was detected in plasma and urine. The plasma bilirubin levels were high in the neonatal period, but they decreased from 6 to 10 weeks old. In male homozygotes, plasma bilirubin levels increased rapidly until about 40 weeks, and decreased thereafter. Female homozygotes showed slightly high plasma bilirubin levels until 56 weeks, then increased rapidly thereafter. At 72 weeks, the plasma bilirubin level of females was comparable to that of males. About 80 percent of the plasma bilirubin was conjugated. Plasma biochemistry demonstrated the increase of total cholesterol and total bile acid in the homozygotes. Histopathologically, the homozygote was characterized by brown pigment in the hepatocytes, and glomerular lesions with mesangial expansion. From these findings it was considered that EHBR might be a useful animal model for studying constitutional conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin metabolism.
    Download PDF (3112K)
  • Tadashi SANKAI, Keiko SHIMIZU, Fumiaki CHO, Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 45-50
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using four female Japanese monkeys, follicular growth was induced by multiple PMSG and single hCG injections, and oocytes were collected from their follicles. PMSG, 200 IU, was injected six or eight times to stimulate follicular growth, and in both cases growth of the follicles was adequately induced. Forty-seven (50.0%) oocytes were recovered from 94 follicles of two of the females and transported from Inuyama-shi to Tsukuba-shi in 10 hours. Five mature oocytes and 42 immature oocytes were observed upon arrival. Thirteen (31.0%) of the 42 immature oocytes released the first polar body in TCM-199 medium containing FCS and PMSG after 24 hour-culture, including transport time. Eighteen mature oocytes were used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) . Frozen and thawed cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa preincubated for 2 hours were transferred into the drops containing the Japanese monkey oocytes. Sixteen oocytes (88.9%) were judged to have been successfully fertilized based on the presence of a male pronucleus and/or second polar body, and 12 oocytes then cleaved, and 3 developed into the 6-cell stage. Thus, we succeeded in inducing follicular growth and oocyte maturation, and in achieving IVF using cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa and Japanese monkey oocytes.
    Download PDF (2140K)
  • Harumi SAITO, Kazushige OGAWA, Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 51-60
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lectin-binding patterns of the three olfactory receptors, olfactory epithelium (OE), vomeronasal organ (VNO) and septal olfactory organ of Masera (MO), and their associated glands, Bowman's gland (BG) of the OE, Jacobson's gland (JG) of the VNO, and anonymous gland (MG) of the MO were examined in the rat with 21 biotinylated lectins. On the free surface of the receptors, all lectins showed moderate to intense staining in at least one of receptors, although PHA-E in the VNO, BSL II and PNA in the MO, and DBA, BSL I, VVA, SJA, PSA and LCA in both the OE and the MO showed no staining. In the soma of receptor neurons, 16 lectins showed staining in at least one of receptors, although SJA showed no staining in both the OE and the MO, and BSL I showed staining in a small number of cells in these receptors. In the associated glands, 15 lectins showed staining in at least one of them, although PNA in the JG, LEL in the MG, and s-WGA and DBA in both the BG and the MG showed no staining. These findings suggest that the VNO takes charge of an olfactory discrimination different from that of the OE and MO, although the latter two take charge of that similar to each other.
    Download PDF (5684K)
  • Tadashi NEGISHI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 61-78
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To investigate the possible mechanisms of the accumulation of particle-laden alveolar macrophages (AMs) in alveoli, male golden hamsters were exposed to coal fly ash (FA) at the concentration of 0 or 2 mg/m3 for 6 months (20 hr/day, 7 days/week) in the first series of experiments, and at 0, 1, 2, or 20 mg/m3 of FA for 3 months in the subsequent experiments. Particle-laden AMs accumulated dose- and time-dependently in alveoli. In the lungs of 1 and 2 mg/m3-exposed groups, AMs first appeared in a cluster in alveoli at the alveolar-bronchiole junctions proximal to the lobar bronchus. Agglomerated AMs in these regions were generally larger in size and ingested more particles than those in the peripheral regions. These results indicate that the accumulation of AMs is closely related to the amount of particles deposited in alveoli and that ingested by AMs. Histochemical analysis revealed that AMs with small amount of particles showed the positive activity of acid phosphatase. On the other hand, heavily particle-laden AMs showed no such activity. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed the time-related formation of small blebs and loss of surface features on the cell surface of AMs. These results suggest that the accumulation of particle-laden AMs might be caused by the decrease and/or loss of their activities, especially their mobility during migration toward terminal bronchioles from alveoli, due to the increase of ingested particles in parallel with the prolongation of exposure time.
    Download PDF (15100K)
  • Motoo SHINODA, Toyohiko MIURA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 79-84
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It has been considered that spontaneous motor activity (SMA) represented by wheelrunning activity (WRA) or ambulatory activity (AA) is one of the most basic indicators in the behavioral-pharmacological test in small rodents. Since various differences are noticeable between WRA and AA in their characteristics or drug responses, both activities may be not considered as the same category of SMA. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the background difference between WRA and AA in three different aged groups, based on their long-term observation. AA data obtained by Gundai type Ambulo-drinkometer were applied for comparison with WRA data obtained by Wheeldrinkometer. WRA, AA and drinking behavior all showed clear diurnal rhythms characterized by nocturnal animals under light-dark condition (LD=12: 12h) . WRA and AA, in particular the former, tended to decrease according to the aging. More than 30 days habituation was required in order to obtain stable daily WRA level in adult rats. AA of young rats was higher than the other aged rats. The present results suggest that indicators, conditions, measurement apparatus, age etc have to be considered in behavioral-pharmacological observations using WRA or AA.
    Download PDF (721K)
  • —Microbiological Study—
    Toshio AKIMOTO, Koh KAWASUMI, Hiromi AMAO, Kazumasa NAKAMA, Yoshio TAK ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 85-93
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The hereditary hypotrichotic (WBN/Ila-Ht) rat is affected by dermatitis characterized by erosions and crust formation on dorsal skin areas. The bacterial flora of this dermatitis and the normal skin of the hypotrichotic rat was examined. As controls the cutaueous flora of atrichotic and Wistar rats was examined, and the results compared with those in hypotrichotic rats. The total number of bacterial colonies from the lesions and normal skin of hypotrichotic rats were 3.9×105 to 1.16×108 CFU/cm2 and 1.6×103 to 1.8×104CFU/cm2, respectively. In the lesions, overwhelming numbers of S. aureus were detected as almost pure cultures. In the normal skin, S. aureus was predominant, accounting for about 90% of all bacteria. The total number of bacterial colonies in the atrichotic rats was the same as in the hypotrichotic rats. The majority of the isolates were Staphylococcus sp., and about half of them were identified as S. aureus. The total number of bacterial colonies from the skin of individual Wistar rats varied extremely, ranging from 64 to 2.98×105 CFU/cm2. The flora mainly consisted of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), S. aureus, and α-hemolytic Streptococcus sp., and CNS was isolated most frequently. Histopathological examination of the eroded portions in hypotrichotic rats revealed many clusters of coccoid bacteria and neutrophilic cell infiltration of the epidermis. These findings suggest that the dermatitis in hypotrichotic rats was caused by S. aureus and affected by unknown traits of these rats.
    Download PDF (3762K)
  • Hideo UEDA, Tadashi KOSAKA, Kazuaki W. TAKAHASHI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 95-99
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Observations were made on the timing of mating and the pre-implantation development of fertilized eggs in guinea pigs synchronized by long-term progesterone treatment. Females received a subcutaneous implant of progesterone-filled silastic tubing for 14 days. Copulation was observed from the evening of day 4 to the morning of day 6 in 53 of 54 females (98%) . Most of them (47/53, 89%) copulated on day 5 after removal of the tubing. Designating the day of copulation (day 5 after removal of the tubing) as day 0 of gestation, embryos collected from the genital tract were at the 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages on days 1, 3, 4 and 5 of gestation, respectively. Eggs were recovered at high incidence (85-100%) from days 1 to 5 of gestation. On day 6 gestation, no eggs were recovered from the genital tract, suggesting that implantation had occurred. The mean litter size (±S. D.) was 4.0±0.8 pups, which were born normally after a mean gestation period of 67±1 days in 7 synchronized females. Since the female guinea pigs synchronized by the long-term progesterone treatment had normal reproductive ability similar to that of cyclic females, this technique would make it possible to obtain animals at a scheduled time even in smaller-sized colonies. In addition, observations on the pre-implantation development of embryos in females with synchronized estrus might be a useful aid in the field of reproductive research.
    Download PDF (647K)
  • Tomoaki MURATA, Reiko TAGAMI, Makoto INOUE, Yuji UZUKA, Yasuho TAURA, ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 101-103
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Investigation of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of neutrophils was performed in the dog infected with Hepatozoon canis. No positive reactions were observed in the parasitized neutrophils by the resting and the stimulated NBT reduction tests. However, results of resting and stimulated NBT reduction tests apparently made no differences between non-parasitized neutrophils of the infected dogs and neutrophils of the non-infected dogs. These findings show that the parasitized neutrophil has no oxidative bactericidal capacity and the infected dogs had no-change in the host protective mechanism.
    Download PDF (357K)
  • Masakazu TAKESHITA, Hiromi HINOUE, Osamu FURUKAWA, Isao TAKATA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 105-109
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lewis rats were immunized with an intradermal injection of type II collagen and autopsied 40 days later for histopathological examination of the limb joints. An increased in paw volume in the hind limbs was observed from 11 days after immunization until autopsy. The joints of the hind limbs were more frequently and more severely affected than those of the fore limbs. The tarsal joints were especially affected, with a 100% morbidity rate, and more frequently exhibited the most advanced stage of lesions.
    Download PDF (2090K)
  • Tamio OHNO, Sen-ichi ODA, Takao NAMIKAWA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 111-113
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The TESS line, the first tester line of the Suncus has been developed. The TESS shrews are homozygous for three morphological mutant genes, ch, cr and rd. The gene (suc) for sucrase activity deficiency in intestinal brush-border membranes also exists in the line, and its frequency was 34.3%. The deficients could easily be identified by the drastic body-weight lossing up to more than 15% of the initial weight, that aroused two days after replacement of the drinking water for its 10%-sucrose solution. The TESS shrews have been maintained as a closed-colony consisting of more than 30 individuals, and will be utilized in linkage analysis with the four loci (ch, cr, rd and sue) .
    Download PDF (1410K)
  • Hiroshi KUNO, Masayuki KEMI, Hiroyoshi MATSUMOTO
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 115-119
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A minimal dose of soft x-ray irradiation of 4.6 Gy is expected to produce ocular anomalies on gestational day 9. A study was performed to determine whether ocular anomalies are induced in rat F1 offspring at this dose level on gestational days 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. Eyes were examined during postnatal week 5 using indirect ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy. Anophthalmia (1.3% and 12.1%), microphthalmia (3.8% and 6.9%), iris coloboma (3.8% and 6.9%) and choroidal coloboma (2.5% and 8.6%) were observed in the gestational day 8 and 9 treatment groups, respectively. There were no treament-related ophthalmological abnormalities at the other time points. It is concluded that the most sensitive period for induction of ocular anomalies by soft x-ray irradiation at a dose of 4.6 Gy under these experimental conditions is during gestational days 8 and 9, and that gestational day 9 appears to be more sensitive than day 8.
    Download PDF (636K)
  • Yoshiki BAN, Tetsuro KOMATSU, Toshio NAKATSUKA, Hiroyoshi MATSUMOTO, M ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 121-124
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the past 9 years of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rat, we noticed that the average fetal body weight on day 20 of gestation in 81 control groups fluctuated significantly from study to study. The other parameters such as number of implants, resorption rats and number of live fetuses were relatively stable. With information cooperatively given by the animal supplier, we could pin down the possibility of the fluctuation. The animal supplier introduced Sprague-Dawley rats into Japan from the U.S. twice in the past. The documents we analyzed indicated that the fluctuation in fetal body weight was caused by different two colonies which were introduced into Japan at the different times.
    Download PDF (308K)
  • Tetsuo KUNIEDA, Eiji KOBAYASHI, Motokazu TACHIBANA, Tomonori IMAMICHI, ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 125-127
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Location of the locus for a restriction fragment length polymorphism of N-ras-related sequences (NRAS2) on the rat chromosome 1 was determined by linkage analysis using a microsatellite locus (KAL) and a coat-color locus (C) . The recombination frequencies between NRAS2 and C, NRAS2 and KAL, and C and KAL in 57 backcross progeny obtained from crosses of (WKS/Iar x IS/Iar) x WKS/Iar were 7.0±3.4%, 28±5.9%, and 23±5.6%, respectively. The order of the three loci on the rat chromosome 1 was determined as follows : KAL-C-NRAS2.
    Download PDF (391K)
  • Nobuyuki HIRAYAMA, Takashi KURAMOTO, Yasushi KONDO, Junzo YAMADA, Tada ...
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 129-132
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Genetic profiles for 46 microsatellite loci of 12 inbred strains of rats, including 2 congenic strains and a coisogenic strain, have been demonstrated. Rates of loci with different alleles between 2 inbred strains, which are not closely related to each other in origin, were from 71.7% between ACI/N and IS/Kyo strains to 41.3% between F344/N and TM/Kyo. On the other hand, the rates were 0% in both of 2 sets of congenic strains; between F344/N and F344/N-rnu, or between BN/fMaiKyo and BN.IS. When WTC/Kyo and the coisogenic strain TRM/Kyo (WTC/Kyo-tm) were compared for 115 microsatellite loci, no loci with different alleles between the strains were found. The 46 loci should be useful as genetic monitoring markers, since all of the primer pairs generate distinct PCR-products at a fixed annealing temperature of 55°C.
    Download PDF (420K)
  • Jun YAMAKOSHI, Katsunori OHSHITA, Reiji TAKAHASHI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 133-136
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive (2KGH) rats were examined ultrastructurally. In JG cells of the clipped kidneys of 2KGH rats, microcanaliculi branched off from channel-like invaginations of plasma membrane and connected with the secretory renin granules. These findings suggest that micro-canaliculi may play important role in renin secretion from JG cells in 2KGH rats.
    Download PDF (4451K)
  • Yuzo ASANO, Tadao SERIKAWA, Junzo YAMADA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 137-140
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Spontaneously epileptic rats (SER) are a double mutant (zi/zi, tm/tm) obtained by mating the tremor rats with another tremulous mutant, zitter rats, and spontaneously exhibit absence-like seizures, tonic convulsions and wild jumping or running episodes. In addition, SER exhibit retardation in learning ability under differential reinforcement at a low rate (DRL) -5 sec schedule of food reinforcement in operant behavior at 14 to 15 weeks of age. We examined the long-term effects of phenobarbital (PB) on total bar presses, reinforcements and inter-response time distribution to assess whether the poorness of learning ability in SER can be ascribed to frequent occurrence of seizures. Food pellets containing 0.1% PB were given ad libitum to male SER from 7 weeks, and operant behavior was examined at 13 to 14 weeks of age. Tonic seizures and wild jumping or running episode were inhibited effectively and poor operant performance was significantly improved by continual intake of PB in SER.
    Download PDF (425K)
  • Japanese Society of Laboratory Animals
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 141-150
    Published: January 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (530K)
feedback
Top