This study estimated near-ground air temperature (
Ta) from Terra/ASTER-obtained land surface temperature (
LST) for different land cover categories in a hilly region under a clear and calm night in winter. Temperature differences (Δ
T) between
LST and
Ta were related to the land cover categories and their spatial extents. In the extended area of forest land, spatially averaged Δ
T in the area (Δ
Tm) was −0.1°C, and the relationship between
LST and
Ta showed less variability (standard deviation of Δ
T (SD)=0.8°C) and high correlation (coefficient of determination between T
a and
LST (R
2)=0.70). This result suggests we can evaluate
Ta directly from
LST in this area. In the extended area of bare land, Δ
Tm, SD and R
2 were −1.5°C, 0.9°C and 0.85, respectively, which indicated that accurate estimation of
Ta is possible by correcting
LST by Δ
Tm. In the extended area of artificial land, Δ
Tm showed statistically non-significant trend. In the case of intermingled area of more than one type of land cover, Δ
Tm, SD and R
2 were −0.8°C, 0.9°C and 0.71 in the forest land of the intermingled area, which suggested that we can estimate
Ta in this area precisely by correcting
LST by Δ
Tm. In the bare land of the intermingled area, though Δ
Tm was −1.4°C, large variations (SD=1.4°C) and low correlations (R
2=0.33) were found.
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