Josai International University's Faculty of Tourism at the Awa Campus in Kamogawa and the Kameda Medical Center, Japan's only medical facility certified by the Joint Commission International (JCI) signed a cooperative agreement on furthering the development of the Volunteer Interpreter System for tourism students in the Department of Wellness Tourism. Currently, as one of many growth strategies for both public and private sectors in Japan, the Japanese government is eagerly trying to promote the increase in the number of inbound tourists to Japan from abroad, especially those interested in medical tourism. Accordingly, it is critical that the current state of professional interpreting be studied and improved. Above all, certification of professional medical interpreters should be given high priority. The Volunteer Interpreter System not only creates a path for individuals to become highly trained medical interpreters, but also plays a critical role in helping increase the number of inbound tourists to Japan from overseas.

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The price appeal type course of the overseas package tour is usually released as the additional product after the release of the annual standard course. The purpose of this price appeal type course is to generate the demand that may not normally occur based on the annual standard course. However the price appeal type course consequently forces the severe low price competition among the travel agencies and brings the low profit structure to the travel agencies. Therefore the all travel agencies have been trying to build up their own brand that is strong enough to create a demand with or without 'price appeal courses' for a long time. Unfortunately, such a brand has yet to be built up. Additionally the low-priced brands, equated to operation at a lower cost, has become a norm where customers expect price-reduced tours. This study is to verify that the structure of the product based on the cause of this phenomenon and to consider the future direction.

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What is 'Smartphone Tourism' ? This is new concept to promote travel utilizing Smartphone targeting particularly the younger generation. Smartphone, this new communication tool has capability of changing the lifestyle of people making it easy and convenient in every possible way. The travel market of younger generation is stagnant due to the decrease of annual income and actual annual leave taken. Simultaneously, diversification of travel preference is in progress due to maturity of travel experiences. The tourism industry is taking advantage of Smartphone to provide travel related information, booking and payments, to serve their client's needs. However, travelers, particularly younger generation, rely on travel information produced by individuals such as travel blogs, social networking sites, from the user's neutral point of view, in addition to 'ready-made' information by travel service provider's end. In this article, we identify the potentials of Smartphone Tourism and suitable tourist destination, and Okinawa is the one ideal destination for Smartphone Tourism.

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Hot springs have been used and managed by the local resident who saw it as a common regional resource in conformity with the custom. However, tourism industries grew so steadily around the hot springs that not a few hot springs suffered from a decrease and exhaustion of hot water. The insufficiency in the provision of hot water causes an undesirable influence on further hotel construction, and arrests our attention to sustainable development of hot springs. In order to improve such problems, some of hot-spring resorts have sought for the sustainable supply of hot water, cooperative and intensive management. In consideration of such a recent move, this paper studies the hot spring management, and shows the five models so as to analyze the hot spring management, and finally suggests a model of "centralized cooperative management" as most sustainable not only for tourism industries but also environment.

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This study is an attempt to clarify the elements which have an impact on hotel employees' emotional exhaustion, based on precedent studies that say that emotional exhaustion among hotel employees is closely related to their job dissatisfaction and service attitude toward customers. An empirical analysis was conducted on two preceding elements of emotional exhaustion: service orientation of organizations and emotional labor, which were assumed to have an influence on emotional exhaustion. The analysis shows that "service systems" and "employee empowerment" among service oriented elements are the meaningful elements that have an impact on emotional exhaustion. The analysis also shows that "deep acting" among other elements of emotional labor has a meaningful influence on emotional exhaustion. Therefore, what this study clarifies is that it is essential that service organizations make an employee-friendly working environment in order to provide a high quality service. However, that deep acting affects emotional exhaustion is an outcome that differs from what precedent studies have shown, which invites further research on the subject.

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Today's air transport industry is increasingly called upon to control greenhouse gas emission (GHG). Main measures to reduce aircrafts' emission include: improved operational efficiency; improved energy efficiency through the redesigning of aircrafts; and development of alternative fuels. Through these measures, it may be possible to reduce GHG emission by 50% by 2050, as compared with a BAU scenario. In overview of today's environment surrounding the aviation industry, there is a difficulty to agree on internationally coordinated measures and on a setting of global reduction goals, due to the confrontation based on national interests, deriving from the opposing principles between the Chicago Convention and the Climate Change Framework Convention. In contrast, IATA, an industry association, presented "Global Sectoral Approach", with ambitious goals including specific GHG reduction targets. With a seemingly deadlocked negotiation toward building a post-Kyoto Protocol framework, IATA' s "Global Sectoral Approach" may be a way to resolve the issue.

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As a name of the tourism of a new form, I came to hear "medical tourism" well. There are few cases which make a voyage from Japan to the foreign countries for an operation and a treatment. However, each overseas country has laid emphasis on acceptance, and Asia in particular has risen suddenly as an acceptance area in the world. Korea was "a late departure country" like Japan. But Korea has acquired power rapidly and has accomplished a change to "a promotion country". The movement of Korea same in the universal care and the medical corporation system to Japan is suggestive. In this article, I clarify the background and the structure which Korea added power to in the medical tourism rapidly and want to do it with a proposal to Japan.

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Many backpackers travel in South-East Asia today. As an example for backpackers, this paper describes the tourism patterns of Japanese backpackers. In addition, it is said by some writers that they are not so active on traveling. How much validity does this remark have? This paper intended to examine the following two points; tourism patterns and activities of Japanese backpackers. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The backpackers prefer traveling around Thailand and the three Indo-China countries today. 2) The most backpackers are also active while traveling, they can be friendly with other backpackers and local people.

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This study aims to consider the possibilities of local development through a tree planting eco-tour (TPET) and a role of International NGOs in Myanmar. TPET has merits for local development: donation, education, and any other help which the local people really need. It functions as a gateway to local development. However, TPET still has problems on implementation: costs, profit sharing, local incentives, procuring of site, project sustainability and so on. To solve the problems, NGO's multifaceted cooperation is indispensable as well as long and medium-term vision and strategy. On the other hand, tourists are getting to know the reality of Myanmar at the local level through eco-tours. Various types of eco-tours led by International NGOs can be a new opportunity to make the actual circumstances in Myanmar known outside and to expand the grass-roots support for the locals. Therefore, ecotourism is one of the effective ways to make progress toward democracy as an international cooperation.

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The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of sports events on New Zealand inbound tourism. Mega-sports events are an instrument of destination marketing for host countries. New Zealand has held some mega-sports events. Some past studies have examined the economic value of sports events in NZ. However, little research has been undertaken to analyse the relationship between inbound tourism and mega-sports events. In this study, I examined the impact of mega-sports events on inbound tourism in NZ, in particular, the impact on inbound tourism of eight mega-sports events. For each of the eight mega-sports events, I tested whether these events had a significant influence on tourist arrivals in NZ from: 1. all countries 2. participating countries 3. non-participating countries. The results suggested that some events had a significant positive impact on inbound tourism.

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This study applies a Japanese moral survey, called RCS II, to validate employee morale in the Taiwan hotel. The research is taken on 250 employees at 'Hotels Royal Chiao His Spa' over spring break in 2010. As a result, there are four features are revealed from the morale statistics in human resource management (HRM). Firstly, male employees have higher consideration on "management satisfaction" rather than female employees do. Secondly, employees who are university educated have higher performance on "job satisfaction" rather than employees graduated from professional colleges or high schools. Furthermore, employees who are graduated from high schools have more respect to "customer satisfaction" rather than employees who are graduated from colleges or universities. Thirdly, the front clerk employees have higher value on "customer respect" than employees other positions within hotels. In addition, compare to other departments, sales department employees are more satisfied on "economic compensation" than others. Finally, employees who are continuous to service for one to five years are much reliable to "leader attitude" than others. From the above, the result of this research matches the previous studies founded by Kagawa's researches in China. It also proves that a Japan's morale survey, RCS II can be adopted in measuring Taiwanese employee's morale as well. Moreover, HRM's issues on the hotel business can be clear by added cases studies in the near future.

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20 items of questionnaire survey was conducted on 1700 people (men and women aged from 18 to 25) about its character and an intention. And it analyzed from the questionnaire about "adaptation ability", "independency", "communications skills", "sociality", and "mental stability." As a result, when there was much family travel experience of a growth phase, it turned out that "communications skills", and "sociality" are excellent. Moreover, it became clear that a segment with overseas family travel experience had a high degree of satisfaction about its character and an intention.

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The focus of this study was the identification of determinants for visitor expenditure at a natural park. The Tobit model was used to analyze the determinants for expenditure. To look into the expenditure structure, five measurement lists, which generally show expected expenditures for tour destinations, were developed and sum up all expenditure, demonstrating statistical significance. To explain the determinants of expenditure effectively, independent variables including socio-economic characteristics, like a five-day work week and favorite climbing courses or seasons, were taken into account. Marginal effects on each expenditure list and overall expenditure were shown for the purpose of changing the quantity of the independent variables. Ultimately, these survey results will be used as a marketing information database to develop a marketing strategy and establish policy for natural parks.

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The research of the travel insurance in Japan is not advanced compared with that of other automobile insurances and the fire insurances. The purpose of this research is to clarify the history of the birth of the travel insurance in Japan as the beginning of the travel insurance research .The fact that the invention and the spread of the railway were greatly related to the birth of the travel insurance was known by this research. This thesis wants to cradle the travel insurance by what details, and to arrange to be born in Japan.

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On the evening of August 9, 2010, a minibus carrying 14 Japanese tourists overturned on a highway in Utah in the western United States, killing three and injuring 11. There have been many cases in which Japanese tour groups have encountered traffic accidents overseas, in Turkey and elsewhere. Since this popular brand of tour was planned and organized by major Japanese tour companies, the Utah accident bears substantial responsibility for having eroded consumer trust and recovering their trust in the future will most likely not be easy. In addition, whenever an accident involving Japanese tourists occurs, the matters of investigating the cause, liability, compensation systems and degree of safety become issues for a while but seldom are firm steps taken to clarify the cause. This situation may allow recurrence of similar kinds of accidents in the future and the grief of the victims and other related people remains unhealed. It is important to get each and every factor (conducting through on-site inspection on their own, the state of affairs at the operation site, hidden causes, tourist psychology and so on,) out on the table now, analyze them thoroughly, and set in place measures to prevent recurrence.

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It is quite popular phenomenon that Japanese fanatics of "Anne of Green Gables" visit Prince Edward Island to see the scene in the story. Those who visit Anne attraction are 25.3% in total visitors in PEI whilst Japanese are 85.3%.

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"Off the beaten track tourism" is defined as the tourism to which travellers rarely pay attention as destinations at this moment. By the study of 3 such countries as examples, it was found that those countries have much potentiality to cultivate tourism demands. I clarified how to promote "off the beaten track tourism" actually by showing concrete proposals. We should not rely on repeater demands but promote "off the beaten track tourism" so that outbound travellers may make steady progress from now on.

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It is not an overstatement to say that the history of the Japanese travel industry is tightly bound up with the package tour. Through the efforts of travel companies, package tours have been customized to Japanese travelers, and have played a major role in bringing overseas travel to the mass market. Excessive competition and aggressive selling, however, have led to reduced product quality, and also resulted in wastage and attrition among companies within the industry. Furthermore, the range of problems that have arisen in relation to package tours has had an impact on the industry's relationships with airlines and overseas suppliers, resulting in structural issues that still exist today. This paper examines the history of the package tour, and reconsiders its merits and demerits, identifying relevant problems and issues and proposing an image for future package tours. The economic situation surrounding package tours is currently extremely severe, with many wholesalers in particular facing an extremely uncertain future. The Japanese travel industry now needs to reconsider both its conceptual and structural approach, in order to transform itself into an industry that can create value over the long term.

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Greece, my main research field, is one of the large-scale tourism countries in the world. Each year 16 million visitors flood into Greece, so that, according to the UNWTO (World Tourism Barometer) 2008, Greece is currently ranked sixteenth in the world as a tourism destination. However, the Global Financial Crisis that began in 2007 has had a negative impact especially in Greece; tourism income has fallen dramatically. Even at the present time, the international press contains many negative reports concerning financial problems in Greece. In order to counteract this, the Greek government is making great efforts to maintain Greek museum facilities and to gain restoration of important cultural properties that have been illegally transferred abroad in the past, such as the Elgin Marbles, which are currently in the British Museum in London. Greek tourism has an important function for World Heritage because of its position at "The Origin of European History and Culture." This research will describe several national projects that are designed to help stimulate the economic revival of Greece.

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This is a report on the wedding ceremony held at the school festival of Asia University on October 31, 2010. Why did we plan this campus wedding? There are three reasons why we pursued this activity. 1) We wish to work for the bridal industry in the future. 2) We wanted to acquire the advantage of experience and some skills before we join the bridal industry, particularly in light of the difficult job market. 3) We wanted to plan and stage an original wedding on campus reflecting our own unique ideas. We started this project with the search for a bride and bridegroom who planned to be married in the near future. With luck and effort, we succeeded in finding a couple who were Asia University graduates and planned to marry in November 2010. Through our experiences on this project, our desire to work for the bridal industry has become stronger than before we started.

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