As international tourists are becoming more individualized, a variety of needs for tourism are now available. Newly developed SITs (Special Interest Tours / Tourism), include Ecotourism, Green Tourism, Heritage Tourism, Health Tourism and more. One of the more promising SITs, study tourism, has recently become more important in Australia. In line with this, Tourism Australia (TA), a national organization for tourism promotion, published a "Study Tourism Report" in 2007. Study Tourism is an interesting niche that falls between typical tourism and study abroad, and it has the great potential to attract future international students as well. While some English speaking countries, such as the US, Canada and New Zealand, also have study tours, Australia has a geographical advantage in attracting study tourists from neighboring Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and South Asia.

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This thesis is going to discuss on the present situation and the problems of Nepal tourism industry. This research has been conducted using secondary data and the personal hearing by this researcher to the some related persons of Nepal tourism industry and the field experience for long years of researcher in Nepal travel and tourism sector. Mainly the research observed to Nepal tourism development stages and government policies and tried to clear out the present major problems of Nepal tourism industry.

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The purpose of this research is based on the overlap concepts of hospitality and ethics, invoked Kohlberg's theory of moral development, possibility of interpretation of measuring and evaluating hospitality. Kohlberg stated some dilemmatic cases and asked some questions for it. According to those answers from participants, he measured their level of development of ethics. This empirical research applied Rest's Defining Issues Test which translated by Yamagishi in Japanese to discuss the methods of measuring and evaluating of ethics. The researcher set up two new foreign and domestic dilemmatic cases which based on Yamagishi and Rest's six cases to test 178 students whose major in international tourism from Ryutsu Keizai University. The comparison of results from two methods of Yamagishi and Rest's and ours is mentioned in this article. We are sure that there is a significant relationship between the measurement results of new dilemmatic cases and whole research. So we firmly believe that new dilemmatic cases can be used to measure and evaluate hospitality.

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It is emphasized that local residents' mind is prior to all others in the field of planning. If, however, the proposition is true, Gembaku-dome in Hiroshima has never existed in the present world. Its process to preservation has been "winding road" among preservation, dismantling and ignoring. Those who had been living in Hiroshima, at first, had hoped to remove it not to remember the catastrophe, but they have changed their mind through the years. This paper examines the change of local residents' mind and role of the mayor and the local assembly in the process of agreement with local residents for preserving and re-building disaster area as a tourist attraction through the example of Gembaku-dome in Hiroshima.

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Community-based Tourism (CBT) is a participatory approach to development in Tanzania. This study focuses on Women's Group Activities (WGA) to show the gaps within a local community on the development process of community-based tourism in Tanzania. One of CBT called "Cultural Tourism Programme" in Tanzania has been regarded as a good case as recognized by UNWTO. At the same time, however, there have been some problems concerned with WGA and Social Capital in a community. Social Capital is an effective factor to make a good organization and working group. It can work well to bolster cooperative relations in a community on the development process of CBT. On the other hand, it can cause an exclusion effect from women's participation with the WGA and a reduction of working opportunities. "Gaps" are the key factors and it is important to consider various gaps to keep good management of CBT for the local development.

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What is the critical issue for the implementation of LCCs in japan market? This is a study to identify the constraint in terms of air ticket distribution and regulatory issues, and consider idea for smooth implementation of LCC in Japan. Comparative study between actual users of LCC and general travelers conducted to identify travelers' preference in selecting airline for overseas travel. LCC users significantly give priority for 'low fare'. Meanwhile general travelers think highly of 'Airline brand image', 'high standard in-flight services' which traditional major airlines have despite highly sensitive of prices. Educating the market of LCC's price strategy seems to be critical to expand the market. Regulation of the government filing of international tariffs has constraint in Japan compared to other countries which LCCs have grown. Airlines have no full freedom of pricing to maximize its capability particularly for LCCs. This study recommends further liberalization of government filing of tariffs.

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Customer retention is one of the most important issues for hospitality enterprises. However, customer satisfaction (CS) and loyalty, which are critical factors in customer retention, are formed by not only actual service delivery but also other elements which cannot be controlled by enterprises, i.e. weather at destination. However, there are few studies about relationship between weather at destination and CS, loyalty. This empirical study verifies effects of weather conditions over formation of CS and loyalty at a destination. I found that weather condition would influence CS, but would not influence loyalty, among a lot of customer's attributes.

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The focus of this study is the identification of determinants and demand models for marine tourism in Korea. For this study, a hurdle Poisson count model and a hurdle negative binomial count model were applied. In the first stage, to identify the participation determinants, a binomial probability model to test whether a count variable has a value of zero or a positive value was employed. In the second stage, a truncated-at-zero Poisson model and a negative binomial distribution model were used to analyze the consumption determinants for marine tourism. A test of whether the hurdle negative binomial count model reduces to the hurdle Poisson count model was applied using an overdispersion test. Ultimately, these survey results will be used as part of a marketing information database to develop a marketing strategy and establish policy for marine tourism.

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The space industry has the peerless possibilities. Especially, the space travel business has the great latent demand. The business has the unlimited possibility for being able to make advantage of the space infinite resources as "New frontier of 21st century. Besides, the wonderful social contribution and the economic efficiency may be given birth to through the business. Concretely speaking, more than ten million can be traveled every year, and the people may obtain great possible employment opportunities for the space stations (hotels) which may be constructed in the future, for example. Under the circumstances, I try to make a research on the possibilities of the space industry and space travel in the near future, and analyze the space travel participants' limit, also. I investigate the number of the space participation limit from the viewpoint of the religious value differentiation between the Christianity & Muslim through the space industry and space travel development studies.

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The aim of this presentation is to suggest a means of utilizing place names for attracting tourists. In the presentation, the actual problems such as "place names have never been used for tourism and are unknown" and "no local interest for the tourist industry" will be addressed and solutions will be suggested, using Ohne in Hadano (Kanagawa) as an example.

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the changes in the image of Costa Rican tourism. In 1990s, Costa Rica was known as one of the world's leading ecotourism destinations. However, since the 2000s, the image of the country's tourism declined. This is due to the large resort development projects on the Pacific coast in recent years, which run counter to the conventional ecotourism movement. The country's tourism is related to various factors including the conservation policies of the government, Institute of Tourism, and citizens' and NGOs' National Trust Movement. While focusing on their efforts, I discuss the change in the tourism image.

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After the Japan Tourism Agency defined the health tourism, health related factors are getting more and more important in tourism planning. "The Medical care (health) element" and "the Pleasure (tourism) element" are both indispensable in health tourism and need to be represented in a balanced manner. In this paper the importance of and relationships among the accommodation, therapy facilities and spa in health tourism are discussed. From the case studies of Amakusa and Muroto, spa resorts provide the lodging convenience, and healthy event factors such as marathons / walks and therapy resources such as deep sea water are verified to be important in the formation of health tourism areas.

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This paper discusses how to invite international tourists after the Great East Japan Earthquake, using marketing tools such as a product portfolio in order to respond to a "Tourism-Oriented Country" of Japan. Because of regional disaster levels, Japan is categorized into four areas: ordinary, early-recovered, defected by a gigantic tsunami, and damaged by a nuclear plant incident. Based upon the survey result by the certified national guides in 2010 and the past studies, inbound tour types are suggested for Japan's four categorized areas. Hands-on type tourism and mass tourism are recommended for the ordinary and the early-recovered areas respectively. Sustainable tourism has been introduced in tsunami defected area of Tohoku. The future success of Japan's inbound tourism will highly depend on Japanese attitude towards how to restore from the great earthquake.

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'Kaido-wo-yuku' by Ryotaro Shiba had been serialized on the weekly magazine, Shukan-Asahi, for 25 years from January 1971 to February 1996, and attracted many Japanese readers. It was a series of the travel sketch notes by the author travelling along various roads and streets not only in Japan but also in several other countries, In writing this serial sketch notes, It seems that Mr.Shiba thought it very important to look back the history of every land he visited. The purpose of this paper is to find out the reason why this series has attracted, and still attracts, so many Japanese readers from the travel view point. My concern was not about the history of each land but about what Mr.Shiba actually felt and experienced when he was travelling. As a key word to analyze the series, I selected the adjective "beautiful" which seemed to be well used in the book by Mr.Shiba. Beauty is certainly what we look for when we go out of our daily life to travel, and as long as I know, this type of the analysis has never been tried before.

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In Japan, traveling with the objective of experiencing regional cuisine and food culture has recently become popular. In regional areas, people are attempting to attract tourists by popularizing cuisine and food culture in order to revitalize tourism to these areas. This is a phenomenon known as "food tourism." Five types of food were identified, as a result of investigations, which attract tourists to regional areas. This includes high-class gourmet, commoner gourmet, big-city gourmet, food purchase, and food experience. Moreover, whether the history of food tourism in Japan can be divided into three periods should also be considered. In this paper, historical changes in the food tourism are verified and marketing aspect is also considered. This paper also considers future possibilities. The theoretical implication of this paper is to explore the historical changes in food tourism and accumulate empirical evidence to explain this form of tourism.

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"The Mediterranean Diet", which had been applied to UNESCO for the Intangible Cultural Heritage List together with Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco, was approved by the same Organization in November 2010. "The Mediterranean Diet" does not mean any Methodology for getting slim, but constitutes a set of skills, knowledge, practices and traditions ranging from the landscape to the table, including the crops, harvesting, fishing, conservation, processing, preparation and, particularly, consumption of food in Mediterranean Countries. And actually the origin of this Diet is recognized "Cretan Diet" in Greece. From then on Greek tourism industry and the Greek Ministry of Culture and Tourism are making great effort to promote the Inbound Tourism in Greece with utilizing their Gastronomy Culture for important tourism resource. This research approached to their Tourism Policy & Strategy of branding one of the healthiest Gastronomy in the world.

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Having once experienced the devastating pollution organic mercury, people in Minamata city caused movements for regional regeneration. They gave a positive meaning to the history of pollution and considered it their peculiar local resource. And, they promoted their city as an 'Environmental Model City', and developed the tourism industry. The experience with the Minamata Disease has given the city a unique point of differentiation and competitive advantage in the tourist market. As a result, many tourists now visit the city not only home, but also from abroad. The author has studied materials, interviewed and conducted a questionnaire survey in Minamata city, and elucidated that the tourism resources in Minamata are classified into (1) old hot spring resorts, (2) environmental education facilities, (3) green tourism facilities, (4) new facilities related with flowers and sweets, and that the tourists segments are (1) individuals and small groups from neighboring areas, (2) students and businessmen in educational tourism.

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