PURPOSE: Pain intensity, suffering, patient's satisfaction level may be considered as important part of multidimensional assessment. The first aim of the present study was to examine whether there were differences in the rate of improvement in pain intensity and pain-related suffering before and after treatment in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The second aim was to investigate correlations between the patient satisfaction level, pain intensity, and pain-related suffering before and after treatment. METHODS: Forty-four participants were recruited. Pain intensity, pain-related suffering, and patient satisfaction level were assessed before and after treatment for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed in pain intensity and pain-related suffering after treatment. The rate of improvement in pain-related suffering was significantly higher than that in pain intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only pain intensity before treatment was related to the patient satisfaction level before treatment and only the rate of improvement in pain-related suffering was related to the patient satisfaction level after treatment. CONCLUSION: The interesting finding of this study was that the primary factor for patient satisfaction level changed from pain intensity to the rate of improvement in pain-related suffering. These results may give important information to determine a treatment policy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the role of the sub score of the home care score for the prediction of advisability of home care and to assess whether the it is useful for prediction when it is difficult to draw a high-precision prediction using the functional independence measure. Methods: In total, 148 subjects living at their home or in assisted-living facilities were analyzed. A binominal logistic regression analysis was conducted for all patients and a receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted on the home care score of patients with a functional independence score ranging from 37-90, because, in this group, the ratio of home care was approximately 50 %. Result: Availability of a care provider, care provider's motivation, bedroom availability, home environment, and verbal communication skills were selected for the binomial logistic regress analysis on the sub items of the home care score for the prediction. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve was 0.89 and the optimal cutoff point was 11 (n=53). Using the optimal cutoff points, sensitivity was 0.65, specificity was 1.0, and positive predictive value was 1.0. Conclusion: The home care score is useful for the prediction of advisability of home care when it is difficult to predict the same using the score of the functional independence measure. Additionally, the care provider's condition is important for home care.

Aerobic exercise (AE) has been widely acknowledged for improving brain health. In particular, AE has a potent impact on promoting the function of the hippocampus. The potential for AE to be applied as a therapeutic or adjunctive intervention for a range of human conditions appears increasingly more promising. Augmenting existing treatment approaches using AE-based interventions may promote hippocampal function. Moreover, incorporating non-pharmacological interventions into clinical treatment may have several other benefits for the patient's wellbeing. This review incorporates both animal and human studies to comprehensively detail the association of AE with cognitive enhancements.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences physical, cognitive and mental function between younger elderly and older elderly, whether they complain of subjective dementia symptom or not. 189 elderly individuals participated in this study, and divided to two groups according to whether they complain of subjective dementia symptom (A group) or not (B group). We compared the physical, cognitive and mental function between A group and B group in younger elderly and older elderly respectively. A group indicates significantly lower physical function, especially timed up and go test in younger elderly group, and significantly lower mental function in older elderly group than each B group. These results suggest that the functions related about subjective dementia symptom are different between younger elderly and older elderly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how performing in a marching band affects the performers' trunk movements and trunk-lower extremity muscle activities. The subjects were 10 female university students. The students performed using a trumpet and marching euphonium while walking on a treadmill, and their trunk movements and trunk-lower extremity muscle activities were measured. Results revealed that the maximum posterior tilt angle of the upper trunk increased significantly while the subjects performed compared with their natural gaits. The maximum anterior tilt angle, rotation angle, and lateral tilt angle of the upper trunk decreased significantly while the subjects performed compared with their natural gaits. In addition, the muscle activity in the trapezius, lumbar paraspinal muscle, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius increased significantly. The results suggest that performing these instruments in a marching band context increases physical stress on the trunk and lower extremities.

Disuse syndrome is associated with acquired hemophilia due to the need for enforced rest until hemostatic control is achieved. Here, we report a case of acquired hemophilia with good hemostatic control in which physical therapy intervention facilitated discharge to home without hemorrhage during the intervention period. Attentiveness to changes in coagulation factors in response to pharmacotherapy enabled physical therapy intervention to maintain and increase activities of daily living (ADL) without causing hemorrhage. Onset of acquired hemophilia is usually sudden and this combined with age-related cognitive decline affected the present patient's ability to recognize their condition, tending to decrease compliance with the prescribed amount of rest. The present findings suggest that early physical therapy intervention together with patient education corresponding to their disease state may prevent decreased ADL in cases of acquired hemophilia.

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is one of a neurological syndrome that often following brain dysfunction, has a significant impact on daily activities and return to independent living. This syndrome is characterized by a wide heterogeneity, and a role for multiple components has been suggested.