In the recent studies focused on VIS standardization, using collective-action framework, heterogeneity of participants in interests and resources, and dilemmas in standards development and standards diffusion have been analyzed. In order to develop technology standards, the importance of concrete governance methods including incentive structure, decision rules, and rules regarding intellectual property rights has been stressed.By applying above mentioned analytical framework to recent standardization case in the Japanese automotive software industry, it is proved that the collective-action framework is useful. In order to provide right incentives to overcome inherent dilemmas in standards development and diffusion, participation of dominant users and linkage to global standardization activities are especially important.

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