The purpose of this study was to clarify the nursing method to help the growth of an early adolescent case who refused to go to school. The Subject was a girl with a history of long absence from school in early adolescence whose main symptom was test-fear. I gave her support based on one-to-one interviews and play therapy. This study was considered from a psycho- dynamical point of view on these three points : 1) the core meaning of the problem of the case, 2) the factor to help the growth of the case, 3 ) the relation between her ego-development and the extention of adaptability to social life. This was the summary of effects. 1 understood that the conflict with school was caused by a value judgement introjected by her mother, due to the dependent feeling on her mother. Ego-suppotive nursing served to join her suffering feeling with awareness, and the maintenance of time and space in which to recognize the meaning of her internal experiences enabled her to find a clue to encouragement new self-formation. When her self recognition stabilized, the ability of external perception and recognition of the real improved. It extended her social behavior such as making close friends and adapting to school life.

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The purpose of this study is to be considered about pathology and to clarify techniques about psychosomatic disease cases in puberty. I had continual sessions to Case 1, 2, 3, 4 of psychosomatic disease in puberty. The process of the sessions was analyzed from the psychodynamic point of view. These analysis indicate the following as : 1. It is assumed that psychosomatic disease in puberty arose from early imperfect or unaquired process of desomatization and resulted in resomatization of reaction to inner danger in puberty. 2. It is necessary that they express themselves by words, but their expression derived their symptoms. It was necessary that the supporter believed thier development and sopported them, by the time they could do them. 3. In case 1, 2 symptoms of psychosomatic disease were disappeared with their self expression by words. In case 3, 4 they could not express them- selves by words, and their symptoms didn't disappear. 4. In case 1, 2 by supporting them, they expressed themselves by words. It was important the supporter to change flexibly according to their exprssion. In case 3, 4 by supporting them, it was necessary to supply [holding enviroment] that was not provided in early infancy.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the "personal space" and "territory" of patients who have psychotic disorders. There are two research questions. 1. Do clients have their own territories when they eat meals? What places do they select for their territories? and 2. What is the relationship among diagnosis, the extent of the personal space, and the private or social nature of territory? The data collection was carried out on twenty occations between April 1991 and January 1992. I observed the behavior of 38 patients when I was a nursing student in the open psychiatric unit of a large urban medical center. Observations were made for two hours before and after meal times. I also conducted various interviews with the patients. The data revealed the following. Some of the patients have their own territory during meals. These territories can be divided into three categories. There are 1) partially permanent territory, 2) permanent territory. 3) temporary territory. Patients who had their territorry invaded by others, expressed their resistance both verbally and facial expressions. The 27 patients who selected a pertially permanent territory, such as a table in the day room, did not avoid communication with other patients. Their partially permanent territory took on a social character. On the other hand, patients who shunned company and need a wider personal space required a territory which takes on a private character. Most of these patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Nishizono's theory may explain why patients diagnosed with schizophrenia do not have their territory in a social place. He theorizes that the ego identity boundary of a patient with schizophrenia is broken. I found that the personal space boundary is also fixed and has no flexibility. It could be said that invading personl space and territory of patients with schizophrenia implies an intrusion into their identity. Those patients can feel at ease in a territory where they have wider personal space. The territory also has a private character. This territory must be defended against intrusion by other people. If one wants to come into the patient's territory in a private place, then one would most apprppriately ask for the consent of the patient.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify patient's behavior of taking medicines from three aspects : How did they recognize about disease, How did they feel about the effects/side effects of medicines, what did they have a hoping lifestyle after discharged. This study was qualitative and induction research. Subjects were eight male patients who have taken medicines over a year and have a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The research method was qualitative and inductive. The researcher interviewed each subject for 30 minutes using a semistructured questionnaire. The data showed the following results : 1) Patient's behavior of taking medicines were affected by the degree of their recognition for mental disease, the length of mental disease, the effects/side effects of medicines and the hoping lifestyle after discharged. 2) As patient's behavior of taking medicines after discharged, there were three patterns : rejecting-pattern/approaching-pattern/willing-pattern. 3) According to the process of their recovery, patient's behaviors changed from rejecting-pattern, to approaching-pattern, to willing-pattern. 4) Patient's family supports and educational background influenced to their behaviors of taking medicines. Above results I added to my opinion from relevancy between attitude of taking medicines and the factors. Finally, nursing plans based on the results were discussed from the point of view of Orem's self-care theorv and the limitations of this studv were suggested.

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