Many measures are executed to control and prevent damage to infectious outbreaks and natural disasters. These measures are called Health Crisis Management (HCM). Evidence-based policy Making (EBPM), as a public policy approach, was discussed, but there are challenges in adopting HCM. in this research, I discuss how EBPM should be applied to HCM policy to improve its effectiveness and accountability.
Other causes include natural disasters and this Basic Guideline noticed that “Regarding health crises caused by natural disasters, we will strive to promote comprehensive and systematic measures in accordance with the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare’s disaster prevention plan.” It can be said that the national government presents basic guidelines and coordinates among local governments through laws and ordinances, and local governments play a major role in implementing HCM. However, when implementing HCM, national and local governments find it difficult to respond when policy effects are little or no effect, or when they have never made this rehearsal.
According to the Cabinet Office of Japan, EBPM is “Instead of relying on one-time episodes, policy planning should be based on information and data (evidence) that are important to measure policy impacts after clarifying policy objectives.” A logic model is a model of the logical cause-and-effect relationship that leads to the achievement of a certain policy, and this model is used for EBPM. But, Hansen said, “while we want to embrace evidence, the evidence seldom speaks for itself; typically, it requires a modeling or conceptual framework for interpretation.” In fact, the logic model is an execution management model and does not describe the mechanism by which policy is achieved. As such, EBPM should also explain the relationship between the evidence and the policy environment. As a corresponding method for such EBPMs challenges, I propose that an agent-based modeling/simulation and a gaming approach, and refer to considerations when use those approaches based on previous research. Furthermore, I suggest how prefectures would use these approaches in what sort of HCM policy for infectious outbreaks and natural disasters.
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