交通心理学研究
Online ISSN : 2435-0028
Print ISSN : 0910-9749
28 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1~4を表示しています
研究論文
  • 中村 愛, 島崎 敢, 石田 敏郎
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2012 年 28 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    Appropriate rest is important for reducing accidents involving taxi drivers working long hours. We investigated the relation between the rest of taxi drivers on duty and accidents by analyzing the one-month records of digital tachographs of 21 accident repeaters and 23 safe drivers. They worked for about 20 hours per a shift. We defined inactivity exceeding five minutes as rest. The dependent variables were the total rest time, the number of rest periods, the maxim continual driving time, and the concordant rate of rest. The concordant rate of rest indicates whether the time and length of rest were regular or not and is the average of the similarity ratio of rest. We compared four variables between accident repeaters and safe drivers. The result revealed that the concordant rate of rest of safe drivers was significantly higher than that of accident repeaters. There was no significant difference in the total rest time, the number of rest periods, or the maxim continual driving time. We found that the regular rest was important.

  • —横断行動の認識を促進させるアプローチ—
    大谷 亮, 橋本 博, 岡田 和未, 小林 隆, 岡野 玲子
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2012 年 28 巻 1 号 p. 8-21
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study investigated the effectiveness of repeated traffic safety education for upper-grade elementary school children on their actual crossing behavior, and understanding of their behavior. The repeated education sessions were composed of group discussions on causes of children’s accidents and a safe model of crossing behavior, followed by role-playing exercises. In the role-playing exercises, each upper-grade student played an instructor and taught safe crossing behaviors on a real road to lower-grade students. Thirty-three upper-grade students participated in the education. The results of observation and questionnaire showed that upper-grade students improved their actual crossing behavior through repeated education and evaluated their own crossing behavior as unsafe. The result also revealed that feedback of differences between students’ own actual crossing behavior and a safe model of crossing behavior was an important factor in inducing students’ proper understanding. In addition, upper-grade students felt that they could establish a good relationship with lower-grade students in the role-playing exercises. Effective and practical traffic safety education for elementary school children is discussed.

  • 西館 有沙, 徳田 克己
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2012 年 28 巻 1 号 p. 22-34
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    The objective of this study is to determine the amount of practice required for elderly people to learn how to maneuver electric scooters with handles, as well as ways to reduce anxiety toward controlling such scooters. Two types of experiments were conducted from October to November 2009. The first experiment examined driving skills while practicing on a scooter course with narrow passages, L curbs, and slaloms. The second experiment examined the practice of parking and backing up. There were 14 participants in the study:seven men and seven women. The participants ranged between the ages of 67 and 78, with an average age being 69.8 years. Initially, state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), blood pressure, and pulse were measured. After the participants had driven the course six times, measurements were recorded for the following:time taken to complete one round of the scooter course;state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI);participant’s level of fear;blood pressure;pulse;and the number of driving errors. The results showed that many of participants were able to maneuver the scooter with few mistakes. Participants who were highly anxious before operating the equipment tended to make maneuvering errors. Anxiety among all participants decreased as they drove through the course. However, those who made many errors in the first part of the experiment were significantly more anxious following the experiment compared to those who made few errors.

  • 島崎 敢, 三品 誠, 中村 愛, 高橋 明子, 石田 敏郎
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2012 年 28 巻 1 号 p. 35-43
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    Early hazard detection requires appropriate prediction. We propose a new method of driver education using a tablet device (iPad) and movies of accidents recorded by drive recorders to instill appropriate prediction capability in drivers. We developed driver-training software that runs on an iPad. Movies of accidents embedded in this software were played and paused just before the collision. Drivers were asked to identify hazards requiring attention in the paused image by touching them with their finger within seven seconds. The software identifies touched hazards and records touch timing. After the hazards were identified, the movies restarted to show drivers whether there was a collision with the touched object. We made two similar scenarios, each having eight scenes. Drivers repeated the same scenario three times as the training phase. The test phase was conducted after the training phase. In the test phase, drivers viewed the other scenario. The t-test revealed that the collision object touch ratio of the test set was significantly higher than that of the first set in the training phase. Another t-test revealed that reaction times for touching the collision object of the test set were significantly faster than that of the first set in the training phase.

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