Nutritional epidemiology is a study of dietary determinants of disease risk in human populations. Large-scale intervention trials and prospective cohort studies have provided various findings on the associations between diet and cancers. This article summarizes conclusions of two reports published by World Cancer Research Fund and by World Health Organization on the associations between diet and cancer and other chronic diseases. The article also summarizes recent prospective cohort studies on fruit, vegetables and cancers.

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The purpose of this article is to review the current status and future perspectives of antibody therapy against cancer. Eight antibody drugs against cancer are now commercially and clinically available for treatment of cancer in the United States and two of them are also available in Japan. Current data suggest that antibodies or their genes against cancer can be used in order to increase the tumor specificity of various new immunotherapeutic or gene therapeutic approaches against cancer, thereby enhancing the tumoricidal effect of each treatment while reducing the side effects.

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We are exposed to advertisements of dietary supplements every day. The advertisements provide only their benefits. Therefore, consumers lack accurate information about the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements. Japanese dietary supplements have numerous problems such as lack of quality control, inadequate clinical trials, adverse events and drug interaction. It is important to know the bias of information on dietary supplements and to attempt to collect their scientific evidences and risks.

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Rolfing is the physical therapy to balance the whole body optimally in the gravitational field by soft tissue manipulation and movement education. This paper outlines the current status, history, theoretical background of Rofing and presents the research on the effects of this manual therapy.

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Propolis is a resinous product by European honeybees, which they use as a supporting material for the nest structure. It has been used as a folk medicine in European and African countries, and nowadays the tradition became popular worldwide. Especially in Japan, bulk of propolis is used as a supplementary health food and drinks. This article outlined researches about propolis and its components, and reviewed the biological activities of propolis quoting 163 articles published worldwide. The investigations have shown the evidences concerning anti-microorganismal, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-hepatotoxic, and other activities. When it is used as an alternative medicine, however, cautions should be cared on the diversity among propolis samples mainly due to plant origins.

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Objectives: To determine the effects of massage therapy on the immune and psychological state, and serum lipids levels.
Design: A non controlled trial with 32 subjects.
Setting: Kyoto Prefectural School for the Blind and Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.
Subjects: 32 adults aged from 18 to 56 years (10 males; 22 females).
Interventions: One 25-min whole body massage.
Outcome Measures: Changes in peripheral blood levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD16+ lymphocytes, serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), serum interleukin 6 (IL6), serum total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c); saliva secretory IgA (s-IgA); State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Results: Psychological measures; Both state and trait anxiety scores decreased significantly (p<0.001). Serum lipids; Significant hemodilution and significantly decreased levels of serum T-CHO, LDLc and HDLc (p<0.001) were observed. Immune measures; Significant decreases of neutrophils (p<0.05) and CD16-positive cell counts (p<0.01) were recognized.
Conclusions: It was suggested from our result in the present study that massage therapy is an effective relaxation/stress management technique which could reduce anxiety and modulate immune function.

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Objective: The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with various urologic disorders is unknown. We conducted the survey to determine the prevalence of CAM use in ambulatory patients.
Methods: We distributed questionnaires to 331 ambulatory patients with various urologic disorders in our department from March 10 to 31, 2004.
Results: One in third (30.5%) patients reported the use of at least one CAM. Patient age and gender were not associated with the frequency of the use of CAM. Although not statistically significant, patients with malignant disease showed a higher frequency of CAM use compared with patients with benign disease; 36.2% vs 27.0%, P=0.08. Among the CAM users, only 16 patients (15.8%) informed health care staff of their CAM use.
Conclusion: This result shows the current situation of CAM use in patients with urologic disorders. Because of the high prevalence, health care professionals should ask about patients' use of CAM.

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There is a traditional medicine that is Kampo, a kind of Chinese medicine, in Japan. Kampo medicine has been covered with Japanese health insurance since 1965 though it had been abolished in 1895. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) imported from other countries, such as the chiropractic and the aromatherapy and so on, spreads out in Japan. The establishment of the academic meeting about CAM other than Kampo medicine is increasing. The institutions to bring it up though it is a small number as for CAM other than for Kampo medicine that is popularized widely on the education come out. However, there are few hospitals less than family doctors in terms of the practice of CAM. As a matter of fact, it is Japanese health insurance system to obstruct practicing integrative medicine in Japan. Kampo and part of acupuncture, moxibustion, Judo-seifuku like osteopathy and massage are covered with Japanese health insurance, but the others in CAM are not. After all, it is difficult to practice integrative medicine because Japanese law doesn't permit practicing CAM and western medicine at the same time under the health insurance system. The first practical institution of integrative medicine in Japanese university was established by Tokyo Women's Medical University in June, 2003. Patients can receive in the same day CAM at the Aoyama Institute of Women's and Natural Medicine and western medicine at Aoyama Hospital located on upper floor in the same building which is another institution attached with Tokyo Women's Medical University. The number of patients that visited our institution from June in 2003 to March in 2004 is 550 (Female: 171 men and 379 women), and an age was from 0 to 85 years old. We have a lot of patients suffering from cancer (80 men and 97 women). We also have patients who have a mental problem (18 men and 59 women) and patients of the incurable diseases by western medicine. CAM such as Kampo, acupuncture, moxibustion, Qigong, homeopathy, flower essence, aromatherapy, bodywork, minus ion treatment, phototherapy and the hyperthermia is performed with 2 doctors and a nurse who is bodyworker too. In the future, not only we will practice it but also research and education will be done, too.

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