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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Published: December 20, 2004
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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
807-
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Junya Hanakita
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
809-815
Published: December 20, 2004
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Depending upon 748 surgical cases of cervical degenerative diseases, the author described the indications and surgical techniques of the anterior cervical approach, posterior cervical approach, and combined anterior-posterior approach. The pathological condition, for which the anterior cervical approach is chosen in the first place, is a oneor two segmental anterior lesion without cervical canal stenosis. A one or two segmental lesion with canal stenosisand the case with cervical instability can also be effectively treated by the anterior approach and fusion. As to thesurgical procedure, Cloward's method is performed with an iliac bone graft. The posterior cervical approach is chosen for cases where the spinal cord is compressed only by the posterior element (such as calcification of yellow ligament) and for cervical canal stenosis. In the case of a lesion beyond the three segmental level or one or two segmental lesions with cervical canal stenosis, the posterior approach is also adopted. As to the posterior surgical procedure, a spinous process splitting method is performed. A lateral mass plating procedure is added to obtain posterior fixation. The advantages and disadvantages of these various surgical approaches are described.
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Motonobu Kameyama, Takehide Onuma, Hiroyuki Kon
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
816-821
Published: December 20, 2004
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A nation-wide sports injury data base, something which has not yet been established in Japan, seems usefulfrom the preventive point of view of catastrophic sports injury. The majorities of fatality in direct sports injury aredue to head injury, and the majority of permanent severe functional disability injuries are due to cervical injury. Thesignificance of cerebral concussion should be kept in mind in order to avoid catastrophic brain injury, and a guideline when to return to play following concussion should be introduced in all sports. Japan Advanced Trauma Evaluation and Care (JATEC) protocol is also a relevant guideline for the initial management of sports injured patients.
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Hiroshi Nishimoto, Jun Kurihara
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
822-829
Published: December 20, 2004
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In recent years the number of child abuse cases reported to child consultation centers has remarkably increased in Japan. Accordingly the management of cases of non-accidental head injury is now more important in the neurosurgical clinics of children's and general hospitals. Also, the discrimination between non-accidental and accidental injury has often been requested of neurosurgeons for the childs protection. In this paper recent overviews and modern neurosurgical problems of non-accidental injury in Japan are presented.
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Junichiro Satomi, Shinji Nagahiro
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
830-836
Published: December 20, 2004
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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, is an autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia characterized by dilated vessels and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Five to 10% of cerebral AVMs observed in general population are associated with this disease. Two genes, endoglin and activin receptor-like kinase 1, are associated with HHT. To understand the etiology of this disorder, we evaluated the cerebral vasculature of endoglin heterozygous (Eng^<+/->) mice using vascular corrosion cast technique. Eng^<+/-> mice showed significant structural alterations in cerebral blood vessels, indicating that the level of endoglin on endothelium is critical for maintenance of normal vasculature. In this article, we would give an outline of current concepts of HHT and introduce the data obtained from its animal models.
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Katsunobu Takenaka, Junko Moroi, Shigeki Yamada, Hiroyasu Yamakawa, Ma ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
837-845
Published: December 20, 2004
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There are only several familial cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) cases. Here we report the genetic analysis of families. Subjects and Methods : Eight families with AVM participated. Families 1-3, 7 and 8 live in a central part of Japan. Family 4 lives in Kyushu. Family 5 is from the central Europe and Family 6 from the USA. Genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted with 382 microsatellite markers with a mean resolution of 10 cM. Since there are uncertainties about the penetrance and mode of inheritance, a non-parametric allele sharing method was chosen using a linkage software "Merlin". Results: Five chromosomal regions (6q24-6q27, 7p22-7pl5, 13q21-13q31, 16p11.2-16p11.1, and 20q12- 20q13.1) were significant (p<0.05). Sequence analysis was conducted for the Ephrin B2 gene, which was a potential candidate gene on Chromosome 13. Entire coding regions from exons 1 to 5 were sequenced but no mutation was found. Conclusion : Genetic determinants are definitively involved in familial AVM. There are five candidate chromosomal regions for familial AVM, of which regions on Chromosome 6 and 7 are the most probable regions.
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
846-
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
847-
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
848-849
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
851-854
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
855-
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Published: December 20, 2004
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
857-860
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
861-864
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
865-867
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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 13 Issue 12 Pages
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Published: December 20, 2004
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