The purposes of this study are to examine (a) the effect of repeated exposure to sound logo and melody familiarity on product evaluations, (b) the process leading from exposure to sound logos to purchases, and (c) enhanced memory for advertisement copy sentences due to incorporation within the melody. In Experiment 1, 48 participants were presented with melodies only, and no increase in their perceived liking for the melodies was observed due to repeated exposures. In Experiment 2, 55 participants either listened to sound logos or read the advertisement copy. After recalling the advertisement copy, the participants were asked about their perceptions of typicality, reliability, liking for product names included within the advertisement copy, and purchase intentions. The results indicate that perceived reliability, liking, and purchase intention increased due to melody familiarity and repeated exposures to the sound logos. The results also suggest that perceived reliability for product names is enhanced by familiarity with the melodies, and that repeated exposure to sound logos increased the participants' perceived liking and purchase intentions. Recall scores for both groups (sound logo/read advertisement copy) increased with repeated exposures, although the scores for the familiar sound logo group were better than those for the unfamiliar sound logo group.

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Mood congruent memory refers to the phenomenon where mood facilitates the encoding of mood congruent material. Some investigators have suggested that a self-referent process mediates the presence of mood congruent memory. This study investigates mood congruent memory using a recall task for both autobiographical and non-autobiographical episodes. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to one of three induced mood groups (positive, negative or neutral). The positive and negative mood groups listened to music to induce the moods. Each group was presented with 30 pleasant and 30 unpleasant trait words at a rate of one per 4 s. The participants judged whether the stimuli word elicited an autobiographical memory or a memory about an episode experienced by their mother. The results indicated that recall for both autobiographical and non-autobiographical episodes facilitated mood congruent memory in both the positive and negative mood groups. These findings suggest that mood congruent memory is not only mediated by a self-referent process.

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Semantic satiation means that prolonged fixation or massive repetition of words make them meaningless. This study examined semantic satiation effect in a single-word priming lexical decision task. In this experiment, there were two conditions of visual stimulus quality: degraded condition in which the target was superimposed by slash or greater-than signs; intact condition in which the target was clearly viewed. Visual stimulus quality conditions were a within-participant factor and the conditions were randomly mixed on each trial. Twenty-four college students participated in an experiment and judged whether the target was a real word or a nonword. As a result, the semantic satiation effect was found regardless of conditions. Consistent with Shimokido (2004), this study showed that this effect is found in a lexical decision task when the semantic information is highly involved. It was suggested that this phenomenon is explained by the following mechanism. Massive prime repetition inhibits accessing units in the semantic system. That inhibition propagates to the lexical system, and then causes the semantic satiation effect.

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This study examines the effects of two types of cognitive interview on recall and source recognition of information presented in a film and in a questionnaire. Specifically, the study assesses the effects of interview on the source recognition of repeated misinformation. Seventy-two undergraduates were shown a film followed by questions including items of misinformation. The number of exposures to the misinformation was manipulated, to be 0, 1, or 3 times. Twenty-four hours later, the participants were interviewed in either a cognitive interview (CI), a modified cognitive interview (MCI) consisting of context reinstatement and report everything techniques, or a structured interview (SI). A source recognition test for the misinformation was then given. The results indicated that although the MCI took less time than the CI, they elicited similar levels of misinformation, which were greater than with the SI. However, source recognition performance was better for the CI than for both the MCI and SI. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Information gain models attempt to explain the typical pattern of responses in the Wason selection task by assuming that the probability of selecting a card increases with the scaled information measure about the rule to be tested in the task. Because such models assume that humans could detect differences in the scaled information measure between the cards, this study investigates how sensitive humans are to such differences by employing a newly devised “ordering task”. The result indicates that the observed sensitivity severely restricts the range of possible values for the parameters assumed in information gain models.

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