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Volume 33, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Seiichi TANUMA1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 53
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (210K) -
Izumi FUSEGAWA, Tomohiko OHTA, Shigeru NAGASAWA1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 54-59
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of the large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs), indispensable at present day, are made from Si wafers grown by Czochralski (CZ) method. The size of LSIs continues to grow with the integration of more devices. The diameter of Si crystal has also been increasing to enable the production of large-size LSIs with practical productivity and cost. Generally, a large-diameter crucible is used to produce large single-crystal silicon with practical productivity. However, it is becoming difficult to control the convection of large amounts of silicon melt in large crucibles using the conventional CZ method. Magnetic field-applied CZ (MCZ) is one solution to control the convection of Si melt. There are several kinds of MCZ categorized by magnetic-field direction: horizontal (HMCZ), vertical (VMCZ), Cusp MCZ; and several types of magnets categorized by the magnetic-field generation method (electroconductive and superconductive). In this paper, out-lines of CZ production for single-crystal silicon, MCZ equipment and MCZ production are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1177K) -
Yuji YOSHIDA, Kiyoshi INOUE, Yutaka KAMEKAWA, Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA, Kazuto ...1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 60-67
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe fabricated a large Bi2223 hollow cylinder as a superconducting magnetic shield through plasma spraying in order to obtain a very low and calm magnetic-field environment where we can measure the weak pulsed magnetic fields caused by human brain activity. As a substrate, we used a pure-nickel hollow cylinder (323.2mm in O. D., 320mm in I. D. and 660mm in length), the outside of which was coated with a Ag buffer layer, as a diffusion barrier, and then a Bi-system oxide layer about 730μm thick, applied through plasma spraying. However the as-sprayed Bi-system oxide layer showed unclear broad X-ray diffraction patterns of amorphous-like crystal structure and no superconducting properties at 4.2K. Therefore, the sprayed Bi-system oxide hollow cylinder was heat treated at 838°C×100h to form a superconducting phase (Bi2223 phase) through solid-state diffusion reaction. The superconducting Bi2223 hollow cylinder showed a shielding factor of 103 at Z/D=0.98 at 79K in a dc field of 4×10-4T, where Z and D are the distance from the edge of the cylinder to the measuring position at the center line of the cylinder, and the inner diameter of the Bi2223 cylinder, respectively. The same shielding factor, of about 103, was obtained in ac fields of 3×10-5T with frequencies below 10Hz.View full abstractDownload PDF (2319K) -
Dependence on Surface Orientation and Area Fraction of Surface TreatmentAkifumi IWAMOTO, Toshiyuki MITO, Nagato YANAGI, Kazuya TAKAHATA, Junya ...1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 68-76
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of the stability analysis of a pool boiling superconductor, many studies on the heat transfer of LHe have been conducted. There are a number of variables that affect heat transfer. It is well-known that to variables are surface orientation and surface treatment. Surface orientation of a superconductor is varied by magnet winding. The change is associated with the variation of gravitational force on the surface, thus causing heat transfer characteristics to change. Usually, the surface of a superconductor is treated to improve heat-transfer characteristics; for example, oxidation. During the winding process, the winding machine may strip off the treatment at some locations. The resulting damage may change the heat-transfer characteristics and degrade the stability of the superconducting magnet. In this study, the heat transfer of polished Cu, oxidized Cu and partially oxidized surfaces were measured as a function of orientation. The critical and minimum heat fluxes depend on the area fraction of oxidation. The calculation method for the heat flux of a partially oxidized surface was established. Heat-transfer measurements of a prototype superconductor with polished surfaces were also conducted to change the surface orientation. The heat-transfer characteristics with the prototype superconductor were degraded as compared with those of the Cu surface. It became clear that heat transfer for a stability analysis must be measured using a prototype superconductor. Next, the recovery current for a large-sized pool boiling superconductor, which is a helical coil superconductor, was calculated according to the experimental results of heat transfer. The dependence of the recovery current on surface orientation and the area fraction of surface treatment was estimated. The calculated results were compared with the measured recovery currents of the short sample. The calculated recovery current agreed well with the experimental result.View full abstractDownload PDF (2276K) -
Seiji KIMURA, Toru FURUKAWA, Takashi KANARI, Masahide MURAKAMI1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 77-81
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is known that thermal diffusivity vanishes in fluid near a critical point. However, a quite rapid heat-transfer phenomenon was experimentally observed in such a state in some micro-gravity experiments. Later it was found that wave behavior caused by extremely large isothermal compressibility near a critical point enhanced heat transfer in a wave-like manner. Now, it is called the “piston effect” when a rapid and nearly isothermal heat transfer takes place in fluid near a critical point. In superfluid helium (He II), there exists a temperature wave called the “second sound wave.” Heat transport similar to the piston effect is thought to be caused due to the second sound wave in He II confined in a closed. A numerical simulation and an experiment were carried out to verify this. It was found that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data. We therefore designated the phenomenon as the “second-sound pseudo piston effect.”View full abstractDownload PDF (1135K) -
Naoki HIRANO, Toshiyuki MITO, Kazuya TAKAHATA, Akifumi IWAMOTO, Ryuji ...1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 82-89
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA triplet NbTi/Cu superconductor, high current density superconducting strands for a cable-inconduit conductor (CICC), was used to study the influence of current distribution on stability within the triplet. The initial current distribution among superconducting strands was controlled in terms of a resistive heater wound on the exterior of each strand. The minimum quench energies (MQE) were measured with different initial current distributions within the triplet. We experimentally confirmed that MQE for the triplet was not less than three times MQE for a strand when the transport current of the strand was larger than its minimum propagating current. In addition, MQE changed with the difference of initial current distribution among the strands. This reason is discussed from the viewpoint of the ratio of the triplet's total transport and critical currents, and the difference between the transport current of heated strand and its minimum propagating current.View full abstractDownload PDF (1406K) -
Akira TOMINAGA, Taichi YAZAKI1998 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 90-95
Published: February 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPressure oscillation of fluid in a tube induces some temperature oscillation of the fluid. Radial distributions of the oscillating temperature are discussed from the viewpoint of thermoacoustic theory. The discussion is, for simplicity, restricted to the case that heat capacity of the tube wall is sufficiently large and temperature of the wall is homogeneous. For a gas far from the tube wall oscillation is expected to be isentropic and the temperature oscillation equal to Ts≡(ðT/ðp)sp, where p indicates pressure oscillation. For a gas contact to the tube wall, oscillation is isothermal and thus the temperature oscillation vanishes and entropy oscillation is ST≡(ðS/ðp)Tp. Therefore, oscillation temperature (T) is generally composed of two terms: T=Ts+Tp. The second term (Tp≡(ðT/ðS)pS) is isobaric temperature oscillation due to entropy oscillation (S). Since S=fαST for a gas in a tube of homogeneous temperature, oscillation temperature (T) is proportional to Ts such as T=(1-fα)TS. For a wide tube, fα can be approximated by exp(x/δα)exp(-ix/δα), where x indicates the distance from the surface of the tube, and thus |1-fα|2-1+|fα|2-2|fα|cos(x/δα). This expression shows that |1-fα| exceeds 1 at about twice the thermal boundary layer (δα) from the wall: oscillating amplitude of temperature can exceed that of isentropic oscillation.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K)
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