Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan (in Japanese)
Online ISSN : 2186-3563
Print ISSN : 0470-6455
ISSN-L : 0470-6455
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Volume 27, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • Adsorbed Water on Sodium Montmorillonite
    Kenzi SUZUKI, Kaoru KAWASE, Hiroshi SAKAMI, Shozo IIDA
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.1
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    The interlayer spacing of the sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt) swollen by water in the content of 0.34g water/g Na-Mt to 2.23g water/g Na-Mt was measured using a small angle X-ray scattering method. Heat of fusion of frozen water in the mixture with Na-Mt was also measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The interlayer spacing was 15 Å for 0.34g water/g Na-Mt and 19 Å for 0.61g water/g Na-Mt. Two phases, whose interlayer spacings were 19 Å and 38 Å, coexisted between 0.88g water/g Na-Mt and 1.15g water/g Na-Mt. When the water content was more than 1.15g water/g Na-Mt, the interlayer spacing increased linearly with increasing the water content. The interlayer spacing of the Na-Mt in the frozen state was 15 Å for all water content region in this work. Heat of fusion obtained by the DSC measurement was 36cal/g Na-Mt less than that calculated by assuming that all water in the paste was frozen. These results suggested that in the mixture with Na-Mt the amount of unfrozen water at 200 K was 0.45g water/g Na-Mt.
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  • Deironation Treatment of Clays with Oxalic Acid and Their Plasticity
    Takehisa MAEDA, Yasuo SHIBASAKI, Masakazu HORIO, Shinji TOMURA
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 6-13
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.6
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    Deironation treatment of clays with oxalic acid were studied by the chemical analysis and plasticity measurement. Examined calys were three kinds of Japanese ball clays, i. e., Kibushi clay (K), Kibushi clay (S) and Gairome clay (G) from Aichi Prefecture, and a Chinese ball clay, i. e., Kokudei clay (B). These plastic clays were treated by 1% and 4% of oxalic acid for 1 to 5 days. Leached iron was evaluated from total chemical analysis andextracted iron ion in solution. The plasticity change before and after the treatment was measured by Pfefferkorn plasticity test. Following results were obtained.
    (1) The extractability of iron (deironation ratio) was in the order of B>S>G=K. In the case of Chinese ball clay (B) which contains large amount of iron hydroxide, one third of total iron were extracted by the treatment with 4% of oxalic acid for 5 days.
    (2) By the oxalic acid treatment the Pfefferkorn plasticityindex increased, and water retentivity and characteristic value of plasticity decreased. Some consideration are given for these changes of plasticity.
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  • Effect of Aluminum Content on the Refractive Index of Crystalline Aluminosilicates
    Osamu OKUMURA, Tsunoru YOSHIDA, Tsutomu SATOH, Yasuo TSURUTA
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 14-20
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.14
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    Crystalline aluminosilicates with low refractive index were synthesized by diminishing the aluminum content in A type zeolite composition. Concentration of Na2O in the Al-solution played an important role in the crystallization of the zeolites with low index of refraction. The linear relationship between the indices of refraction and the Al/Si molar ratios of synthesized crystalline aluminosilicates was obtained as: n=1.419+0.0457 (Al/Si), wheren is refractive index. The lowering in refractive index led to linear decrease of the turbidity of water-ethanol suspension containing the zeolite. Electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction patterns showed cubic structure with a0=12.21 Å at the Al/Si ratio=0.7. Particle diameter of the zeolites was in the range of 0.6 to 0.9μm on the average. The values of cation exchange capacity slightly smaller than that of A type zeolite were obtained.
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  • Preparation of Fine Zeolites and Evaluation of Their Builder Effects
    Osamu OKUMURA, Tsunoru YOSHIDA, Tsutomu SATOH, Yasuo TSURUTA, Hiroshi ...
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.21
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    Type A zeolite of various sizes from 1.4μm to 0.15μm in average were synthesized in an anionic surfactant solution. The synthetic conditions such as mixing temperature of starting solutions, aging time and Na2O/SiO2 ratios in the reaction mixtures were explored for obtaining the crystals of desired sizes. Calcium-ion exchange capacities of the fine particle zeolites are as high as those of commercial products of several microns in average diameter. As to the relation of the mean particle diameter, the turbidity of detergent solutons containing the fine zeolites was expressed as: 1n Io/I=0.4+0.18 ln D where D is a mean particle diameter in μm. Builder effects of the fine zeolites on the detergency were discussed on the basis of mean particle diameter.
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  • Cation Exchange Capacity of Fractionated Korean Zeolite
    Shin-Jyung KANG, Kazuhiko EGASHIRA, Jyung CHO
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 27-31
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.27
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    The purpose of the present study was to see if the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a Korean zeolite is affected by the particle size. The sample was collected from Young-il, Kyungpook, Korea and dominated by mordenite and clinoptilolite. It was pulverized and sieved into four fractions of 1-5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.1, and<0.1mm. The magnitude of the measured CEC-values was not significantly affected by the particle size. This is well explained by that most of the cation-exchange sites of the zeolite exist in the pores and that the cation-exchange sites do not increase by pulverizing.
    The magnitude of the measured CEC-values, however, was dependent upon the cation species used for the measurement and increased in the order of Mg2+<Ca2+<K+<NH4+. We attempted to relate this sequence to the size of hydrated cations instead of dehydrated cations: the cation having the smaller ionic radius in the hydrated state could penetrate more easily into the pores of zeolite, giving the greater CEC-value.
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  • The Relation of the Properties and Structure of Allophane to its Silica-Alumina Molar Ratio
    Teruo HENMI
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 32-44
    Published: March 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.32
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  • Erratum to : Chronological History of the Clay Science Society of Japan
    1987 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 47
    Published: 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.27.1_47
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