This paper presents the results obtained from a collaborative project entitled ' Reclamation of Tianjin alkali soil by desulfurization by-product, Gypsum ' during the period of 1998 to 1999. The details of this project have been described in the previous paper (Lee et al, 1998). The effect of gypsum application was tested in pot experiment with corn (Zea maize var. Chendan 7) on 6 alkaline soils from various locations within Tianjin City. The gypsum application enhanced the growth of corn on 5 soils out of 6 soils, which indicates that the gypsum is effective in ameliorating most of alkaline soils distributed in Tianjin City. The field trials were conducted in 4 locations, Lianzhuangzi, Diaokou, Luxinzhuang and Dongshunangtang. In Lianzhuangzi, the corn yield was increased by 45% due to the application of gypsum at 0.125% concentration in 1998. In Diaokou, two trials from 1998 to 1999 were conducted in the same field and the corn yields were increased by 32% in 1998 and by 22% in 1999 at 0.125% concentration, respectively. In Luxinzhuang and Dongshunangtang, Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis var. Jinlu) was tested on the soils that have become alkaline because of long-term use of alkaline irrigation water. The fresh weights of Chinese cabbage were increased by 6% at 1.0% concentration in Luxinzhuang in 1998,and 6% at 0.25 concentration in Dongshunangtang in 1999,respectively. At present, it seems impossible to correlate the amount of gypsum applied to the soil with the magnitude of the increase in crop yield. However, this study clearly shows that the application of gypsum is useful in ameliorating alkaline soils and in improving the growth of corn on the alkaline soils in Tianjin City.

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The development of respiratory symptoms and diseases such as cough, sputum, wheezing, and asthma is affected by environmental factors such as air pollution, residential environments, and life style, and international comparative studies are useful for evaluating these factors. To investigate the association between the development of respiratory symptoms and environmental conditions, we carried out surveys of school children and their adult family members using ATS-DLD inquiry bills used in Japan in cooperation with Shenyang Medical College in Benxi in Liaoning in the eastern part of China where heavy chemical plants mainly iron plants have long flourished. In 1997,a survey of about 5,500 school children and their parents was performed to evaluate the association between the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and environmental factors in Benxi in Liaoning where iron production, steel production, and lime production have been prosperous. In addition, non-specific serum IgE antibody titers were determined in about 300 random samples. In Benxi, the amount of soot particle fall was about 20 times higher, and the amount of sulfur dioxide was about 8 times higher than that in the present Yokkaichi, showing a status similar to that in the worst air pollution period in Japan. The prevalence rates of all respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum, and wheezing, excluding asthma, in school children was about 2〜3 times higher in Benxi than in the present Japan. As environmental conditions other than air pollution, 7 items were evaluated, but no marked influence of any factor could be found. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms increased under 3 environmental conditions (use of coal stoves, use of clay briquette stoves in the kitchen, and non-use or absence of ventilation fans), but no significant difference was observed. The incidence of high serum IgE levels was high in pollution areas, suggesting the influence of air pollution.

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Correlation analysis between the incidences of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and various factors was performed using the data of the incidences, state of air pollution, and various socioeconomic factors. On simple correlation analysis, both the incidences of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis showed significant correlation with the density of the distribution of medical facilities and population density. A close association was observed also on partial correlation analysis between the incidence of bronchial asthma and the density of distribution of medical facilities. Multiple correlation analysis was performed by including and excluding the percentage of heavy smokers in socioeconomic factors to evaluate the effect of smoking on the incidences of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis, but no particular difference was confirmed in its contribution. The incidences of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema were compared between a population of all ages and one aged 40 years or above separately in the contaminated area and a control area. The incidence of pulmonary emphysema was slightly higher, but those of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis were lower in the contaminated area than in other areas.

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A method for detecting land cover change using vegetation index calculated from Landsat TM data is proposed in this paper. The northern and middle region of Mie prefecture is adopted as study area. Five Landsat TM scenes, which were observed in same season, were selected. The five scenes were geo-corrected. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were calculated, and merged into one image dataset. Color combination of selected three different NDVI were investigated from the viewpoint of land cover change. Clustering result of the merged image dataset were also investigated.

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Large-scale coherent vortices with vertical axes due to the shear instability are generated at the junction between a main channel and a flood plain in compound open channel flows. Prediction of unsteady flow structures induced by the vortices is important for flood control because the vortices affect the resistance of the flows. A non-linear k-ε model is applied to compound open channel flows with different depths and the predicted flow resistances are compared with experimental results and the results by a divided-area method. The difference of the results between quadratic and cubic non-linear models is also discussed.

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Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is a process dominated by chemical kinetics of the fuel-air mixture. This character gives a way to simply the model of the combustion in the HCCI-engine with acceptable precision. Detailed chemical mechanics are used for the NOx-formation and the butane-combustion. Numerical simulation is performed for information about NOx-emission, showing that the NOx concentration is lower than 100 ppm.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an educational environment which helps kids of elementary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools develop their abilities to become independent in the coming society. The design is based on the reports submitted to the Minister of Education by the Central Council for Education and the Curriculum Council in 1996 through 1998. The Minister of Education announced the Course of Study officially in 1998 and 1999,depending upon the reports. It will become effective in elementary schools and junior high schools in April, 2002,senior high schools in April 2003. Hence, each school is now required to design a new curriculum of its own according to the Course of Study. This paper will be helpful when teachers try to understand the significance of the Course of Study and design curriculums for their own schools.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the mathematical treatise Kujutsu Shinsho written by Heinouchi Masaomi, the master of carpenters in Edo period. The basic tools used in the book are right triangles and similarities between them. The materials are concerned with carpenters' daily works. Almost all problems are elementary but the problems about extracting square and cubic root are still very interesting for us, for he describes the procedure of drawing the square or cubic root for a given positive integer.

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