The ISO and JIS standards concerned with a method of measurement of effective area are frequently used to determine the flow rate characteristics of a solenoid valve. In the ISO standard (ISO 6358, 1989), the relationship between the effective area and the pressure ratio is obtained by both the flow rate through a valve and the pressure ratio across the valve. On the other hand, in the JIS standard the compressed air is discharged from the tank to the atmosphere after the solenoid valve is opened, and the effective area of a valve in which flow is choking is determined by the initial pressure in a tank with a constant volume, the remaining pressure and the discharge time.
In this paper, a new measuring method of the effective area of the solenoid valve, named the charging method, is proposed. The effective area is obtained by charging the atmospheric air into the evacuated tank through the solenoid valve. This method is useful for various pressure ratios i.e. that from sonic flow to subsonic flow, and is adequate to prepare a smaller testing set than that of the ISO method. In addition the noise generated during the measurement is reduced markedly.

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This paper describes a new method of an LQI design using an unsupervised neural network. The LQI controllers are being widely used for industrial applications because of their excellent performance and robustness. However, we cannot expect the desired response for nonlinear system such as pneumatic cylinders. In this paper, we have come up with an approach to auto-tune the control gains using an unsupervised neural network which has flexible learning ability for nonlinear systems. The simulation and experimental results conducted show that the proposed method has better performance than conventional LQI controllers.

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To clarify the effects of the solid particle properties regarding the silting phenomena in capillary flow passages, the same tests already reported in case of ACTD (Air Cleaner Test Dust) were carried out with alumina, ferrous sulfide and abrasives. Since there are a lot of factors affecting the phenomena, the results with ACTD were arranged suitably by dimensional analysis, and then, making it possible to corn pare only the effects of their properties. In conclusion, alumina was the easiest to silt and ferrous sulfide the second

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This paper deals with a hydraulic active mass damper (AMD) system with springs between the mass and the structure. This system has been proved to be able to use small-size actuators without degradation of control performance, and a modified system model to apply an optimal control theory is proposed. In this system, effects of cylinder size and spring constant are examined and their design guide is shown. A method is proposed to prevent the AMD from damage and keep the structure safe against large earthquakes compatible with the control performance at small level of oscillations, and its effectiveness is proved by simulations. Some observed data of an AMD system installed on a high-rise building are shown.

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