The subject of the research was Shijo-dori street, a major streetscape in Kyoto City. The purpose of this research is to take landscape photographs from a pedestrian's point of view, analyze the elements of the landscape, and grasp the current situation. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is twofold. 1) Conduct research of the actual landscape of this street from the viewpoint of pedestrians. 2) Make a digital archive that can be used for future landscape formation. In this research, shooting points were set at equal intervals (pedestrian recognition limit of 24m). There are 188 photos taken. Landscape components were extracted from this photograph. Landscape elements were divided into 35 items such as advertisements and arcade decorations etc. As a result, the landscape of this street had different numbers of landscape elements depending on the shooting location. However, the number of landscape elements is changing as well. It was clarified that the number of types of landscape components that appeared remained almost unchanged. Therefore, this street was thought to be a street with little visual variation and a sense of unity. From this research, we were able to obtain an index to quantitatively evaluate the streetscape.

Roadside plantings are essential part of Okinawa’s aesthetic landscape. The landscaping industry in Okinawa has been working on digital transformation in order to increase profitability by maintaining and creating attractive landscapes unique to the island. The centerpiece of the initiative is the development of a landscaping management platform called karahai ("compass" in the Okinawan dialect), which provides an online database that visualizes every step of the workflow such as plant material production, inventory management, planting work and planting management operations. This paper provides an overview of the karahai system and the background behind its development, and presents the future prospects of the initiative.

This technical report presents the planting methods of windbreak forests and windbreak fences for good coffee cultivation, and verifies the effect of these planting methods.We surveyed two coffee farms located in the flatlands of the mountainous area in the northern part of Okinawa Prefecture, where windbreak measures were taken by planting trees. We visited a coffee plantation, interviewed the owner of the plantation, and conducted a field survey. Then We also verified the effectiveness of windbreak forests and windbreak fences using an anemometer. The windbreak forest and the windbreak fence have been planted for about 20 years and 9 years, respectively, and they are growing well at the time of the survey. And they contribute to the good cultivation of coffee. Furthermore, the results of the wind speed survey showed that the wind speed was weak compared to the place without the windbreak forest, and the effect was shown. Coffee production in Okinawa Prefecture is expected to grow further in the future, and it is believed that planting windbreak forests and windbreak fences will make it possible to protect against the wind.

This report deals with the development of a method for promoting physical activity on the hilly urban park adjacent to a Densely Inhabited District. It is known that improving physical endurance is effective in preventing Non-Communicable Diseases. In addition, exercise intensity near the lactate threshold is very effective for improving physical endurance. Exercise near lactate threshold refers to an exercise intensity of 50% of VO₂Max, corresponding to 10-12 on the Borg scale. It is important to create a system that provides exercise.at VO₂Max50. In Japan, mountain worshipers have trodden down certain routes taken by predecessors over the centuries. The formation of these mountain paths is often found following appropriate pitches for worshippers’ varying physical capacities. Depending on the different pitches, in Japan, a steep path is called “Otoko-saka”, and a gentle path is called “Onna-saka”. Using GIS to analyze these historical paths and their topographical features, we can learn the mechanisms that regulate walking paces in relation to different gradients. In this project, we use GIS data to created and disseminated a course map to find a route that is easy to get exercise with VO₂max50 according to each physical strength. We were able to motivate many people to use the park even during the Covid19 pandemic by setting signposts for park users to guide themselves and an information provision system that utilizes Internet services.

Focusing on the fermentation heat in the composting process of pruned branch chip materials, we investigated a method of curing concrete in the cold using the fermentation heat, and aimed to keep the temperature of the concrete above 5°C during the curing period of 4 days. Four surveys were conducted and temperature below the tips of pruned branches were carried out. The temperatures were compared with outside temperature. As a result, we were able to maintain the temperature above 5°C for 4 days. However, the temperatures were considered that maintained by the heat retention effect of the bubble cushioning material, the blue sheet, the heat of hydration of the concrete and the fermentation heat of the chips. Regarding the change in curing temperature, there were two cases where there were strong correlation and weak correlation between the outside temperature and the curing temperature. On the other hand, the final curing temperature were generally same temperatures in any surveys, it was presumed that it was due to the setting of the experimental plot. From the above, it is considered that the fermentation heat of pruned branch chips have a certain effect in maintaining temperature in cold concrete curing.

While opportunities to create pure Japanese gardens are decreasing, there are more chances to create spaces that utilize Japanese garden elements in places such as villas, hotels, and commercial facilities. Our company recently received a request to create a Japanese garden-based space in a commercial space integrated with Kyoto Station, which may be called the entryway into Kyoto. We were involved in the planning, design, and stone flooring construction for this project. Here we report on the “spirit and skills” used in this work.

Due to the outbreak of infectious disease, from 2020 to 2022, in the city parks, it is difficult to hold face-to-face events and keep the level of park services. In the context of these circumstances, we held a Digital Stamp Rally in the northern Awaji area and northern Harima area in Hyogo, with the aim of proposing a new method of holding the park event that can be carried out even in this pandemic. As a result, a total of 144 people took part in this event in 17 days (in the northern Awaji area), a total of 119 people took part in this event in 23 days (in the northern Harima area) with keeping the social distancing between the participants and taking measures against infectious disease. In addition, by placing stamps in multiple spots in one park, the participants come to use the park more widely, and we can prompt distributed park use. Digital Stamp Rally is a method of holding events which is suitable for the current social situation, and it can be said that it has great potential as post-pandemic program.

In this technical report, we create an evaluation table based on field surveys targeting coffee farms in Okinawa Prefecture to grasp the vitality of coffee trees and the fruit condition, which had not been clarified until now. Vitality is composed of tree vigor and tree shape. Five diagnostic items for tree vigor and three diagnostic items for tree shape are evaluated on a five-point scale, and the average value is shown. Also, in order to grasp the fruit condition, we focus on the fruiting state.The fruit bearing status is evaluated by 3 grades based on the presence or absence of fruit in each of the vertical, horizontal and planar parts, and the average value is shown.We believe that this evaluation table will enable us to easily and appropriately grasp the vitality of the coffee tree and the fruit condition. And it will be possible to lead to the appropriate management of coffee trees in the future.

This article aims to show how a landscape architecture practice is run in the United States by focusing on residential projects based on the author’s long-time experience as a design company executive. The design practice cycle starts with marketing. It proceeds to an initial consultation, proposal, and agreement, and then five design phases. For marketing, online efforts (e.g., search engine optimization, including SNS) are the primary pathways for residential projects. For the initial consultation, landscape architects visit the project site to understand existing conditions and clarify the client’s request. Then, a proposal is submitted, and an agreement is exchanged with clients. Five design phases follow—a schematic design/master plan, design development, a construction document, bidding, and construction administration. Depending on the project’s scale, schedule, and scope, design development or bidding might be omitted. The article includes the author’s insights on the unique aspects of a United States landscape architecture practice. These aspects consist of the importance of the agreement for professional liability, varied building codes among different municipalities, and a looser understanding of precision in construction techniques. The article also touches on the reality of building Japanese gardens in the United States.

Garden designers are not allowed to visit the site due to the high level of vigilance imposed by the COVID-19 infestation. This means that not only cannot surveys be carried out for design purposes, but once the garden construction has started, the designers cannot be on site at the construction site to guide and check the work. This paper is a case study of an online methodology that enabled designers to design a garden and provide guidance on site construction. The research methodology was based on the organisation of records of meetings between the designer and the client and videos of the garden construction, analysing the process of constructing the garden and summarising key points that can be used as a reference.As a result, a landscape designer with experience in garden construction have shown that there is sufficient potential and clarity for online design and online guidance for garden construction. Its specific feature is that communication between the designers and the construction workers on the garden site was as visual as possible, making maximum use of video communication via smartphones. No particularly complex technology was used here.