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Volume 49 (2007)
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Satoshi Sawata, Hidemasa KatoArticle type: Article
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemical characteristics of the surface soil in a mixed forest of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and beech (Fagus crenata) trees were investigated with special reference to nutrient dynamics. The amount of litterfall from the Japanese cedars was found to increase in proportion to increasing density of Japanese cedars in forest sites, resulting in large accumulations of cations (especially Ca^+) and increases in base saturation and soil pH. The amount of litterfall from the Japanese cedars was found to increase in proportion to numbers of Japanese cedars, resulting in large accumulations of Ca^+, and increases in base saturation and soil pH, under the Japanese cedars. In contrast, the surface soil under the beech trees was found to be strongly acidic and with low base saturation, due to the small amounts of Ca^+ supplied from the litterfall of the beech trees. In the Japanese cedar areas, the measured total amount of the stemflow (with a measured pH of 4.3) was found to be only 32kg m^<-2>, whereas that of the throughfall (with a measured pH of 5.6) was found to be 1,134kg m^<-2>. Thus the throughfall was far in excess of the stemflow. Total Ca and Mg were found to be far lower in the throughfall and stemflow than in the organic layer and surface soil. Total K was much higher in the stemflow and the throughfall than in the organic layer. We conclude that the organic layer originating from litterfall determines the chemical properties of the surface soil, and the stemflow and throughfall have little influence on the chemical properties of the surface soil. This suggests that the specific characteristics of the forest crown, including tree species, tree spacing and tree density will affect the chemical properties of the surface soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
Atsushi TamuraArticle type: Article
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI evaluated changes in understory vegetation inside and outside deer-proof fences over 10 years after the exclusion of sika deer browsing pressure in 4 forest floor community types (short herb, tall herb, Sasamorpha borealis, and Sasa hayatae types) in cool temperate deciduous forests of the Tanzawa Mountains, central Japan, and examined whether understory vegetation damaged by sika deer changed to a state showing negligible influences of sika deer inside deer-proof fences. As a result, each forest floor type showed increases in the vegetation cover and species number of shrub layer inside deer-proof fences 10 years after their installment. In Sasamorpha borealis type, the cover of Sasamorpha borealis of shrub layer increased sharply inside deer-proof fence. Though changes in the species composition of herb layer differed among the forest floor types, the areas inside the fences as a whole showed an increase in tall perennial herbs and decreases in short perennial and non-palatable herbs. In addition, species endangered by sika deer appeared in the tall herb type. Outside the fences, annual grasses (Poaceae) and short perennial herbs increased after 10 years, while the vegetation cover or species richness did not decrease. Based on these results, I concluded that understory vegetation damaged by sika deer in cool temperate deciduous forests of the Tanzawa Mountains changed to a state showing negligible influences of sika deer 10 years after the exclusion of this browsing pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
Hiromi Yamagawa, Satoshi Ito, Toshio NakaoArticle type: Article
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 111-122
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed the biological edge effects of a secondary evergreen broadleaved forest (secondary forest) on advanced regeneration before logging and the germination of seedlings after logging in an adjacent sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation. The edge effect appeared to influence the understory of the sugi plantation up to 20-30m from the edge of the adjacent secondary forest. Particularly, the frugivore-dispersed species such as Persea thunbergii and Daphniphyllum teijsmannii had higher individual numbers than gravity-dispersed species such as Quercus gilva, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Quercus hondae, occurring in relatively large numbers in distant sub-plots from the edge. We suggest recovery of the logged stand to evergreen broadleaved forest will be relatively fast up to about 30m from the edge because the edge stands contained many individuals originating from advanced regeneration, including some that regenerated by resprouting after logging. The regeneration of new seedlings of evergreen broadleaved forest species was also concentrated towards the edge after logging. In particular, there were many more seedlings of frugivore-dispersed species such as Persea thunbergii and Cinnamomum camphora than gravity-dispersed species such as Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspidate var. sieboldii. The adjacent secondary forest enhanced early recovery at the edge of the logged forest through both seedling establishment and advance regeneration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
Keizo Hirai, Shinji Kaneko, Masamichi TakahashiArticle type: Article
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 123-131
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField incubation was conducted by resin core method to determine rate and amounts of nitrogen mineralization of top soil under the forest along the climatic zone in Japan. Annual rate of mineralized nitrogen were high in the soils of warm and cool temperate and low in those of to sub arctic and sub tropical. Rate of mineralized nitrogen by laboratory incubation were high in the soils of sub arctic and decreasing to those of warm temperate, and has significant correlation coefficient with organic nitrogen contents in the soil. We estimated nitrogen mineralization potential in the field using rate of mineralized nitrogen of field incubation and ratio of integrated temperature during incubation in the field to laboratory. Nitrogen mineralization potential was higher than rate of nitrogen mineralization measured in the filed in the most of soils and those differences was higher in the soil of lower integrated temperature which located cooler climate. Estimation for rate of nitrogen mineralization in the filed by multiple regression model using organic nitrogen contents, ratio of cumulative temperature and soil type for was done. Estimated values were well correlated with measured values in the field. These results suggest that it was effective to estimate rate of nitrogen mineralization in the field from these factors which were easy to get from AMeDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) and soil map.View full abstractDownload PDF (1389K) -
Yoshiki Shinomiya, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Atsushi ToriiArticle type: Article
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 133-144
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variation pattern of streamwater chemistry during a flood event was classified to compare the fitness for the L-Q method in a forested, mountainous headwater catchment in the Shimanto River basin, Shikoku Island, southwestern Japan. The catchment (18.7ha) underlaid with sedimentary rock has steep slopes and is covered by a natural forest (predominately Abies firma and Tsuga sieboldii). Investigations were conducted for 17 events, including 4 heavy rains which mean rainfall exceeding 100mm. The variation pattern between discharge and concentrations was classified to 4 types: SO_4^<2->, Na^+, Ca^<2+>, Mg^<2+> have always negative correlation; Cl^- and SiO_2 have negative correlation except for large-scale rainfall events; NO_3^--N has usually positive correlation but negative in large-scale rainfall events; K^+ has no correlation. For Cl^-, SiO_2 and NO_3^--N, the relationship between discharge and concentrations on the runoff recession differs from those on the runoff rising. The difference of those becomes clear as the scale of rainfall event is greater. The temporal increase of K^+ was observed on the runoff rising process in some events. Due to the increase and remarkable decrease of NO_3^--N during heavy rains, the fluctuation was greater in NO_3^--N than those in Cl^-, SiO_2 and K^+. It is concluded that the fitness for the L-Q method was SO_4^<2->, Na^+, Ca^<2+>, Mg^<2+>>Cl^-, SiO_2, K^+>NO_3^--N in this catchment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1515K) -
Masahiro SaitoArticle type: Report
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 145-152
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Crown Forests in Sado Island, since 1889 to 1925, consisted of 420 forest lots with 6,750 ha in the area. As the result of this study to analyze the record of the survey on each stand, 45 tree species including bamboo were recorded in the forest register which was maden about 120 years ago. Important tree species for forestry were recorded in the standard name in the those days, for examples, Cryptomeria japonica (sugi), Pinus densiflora (matsu), Pinus thunbergii (kuromatsu), Quercus serrata and Q. crispula (nara), Castanea crenata (kuri) and Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis (kurumi). On the other hand, almost of the less important tree species were recorded by local name, for examples, Abies firma (tsuga), Cornus controversa (kuromizu or mizufusa), Populus sieboldii (dero), Kalopanax septemlobus (hotara, tara), Neolitsea sericea (urajiro) and Machilus thunbergii (tamaki). Therefore, it was guessed that a group consisted of the engineers trained by the central government and the indigenous engeneers, surveyed the forests for the registration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
Shinji Kaneko, Shoji Hashimoto, Masamichi TakahashiArticle type: Report
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 153-156
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Shigehiro Ishizuka, Masahiro KobayashiArticle type: Report
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 157-160
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kazuhito MorisadaArticle type: Record
2007 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 161-163
Published: December 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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