In lingual orthodontic treatment, correction of crowding is relatively difficult in many cases. Because this is 1) brackets cannot be placed in correct positions initially, 2) some maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth are locked in crossbite and difficult to move, and 3) the mandibular anterior teeth tend to tip lingually upon archwire insertion due to the nature of lingual mechanics making their flaring difficult. Two cases with severe crowding treated in consideration of these aspects will be reported in detail.

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Setup model is very important in lingual orthodontics. Because it represents treatment goal, also it is used to make indirect core. Dental technician makes setup model on behalf of dentist. So how to give instructions becomes important. I introduce production procedure of setup model with some notes.

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