Purpose: With a focus on mothers who raised children who had not been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, this study aims to identify the struggles and challenges experienced by these mothers in their daily lives, ranging from the time they noticed their children’s disorder until proper diagnosis.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten mothers whose children were aged 1–6 years and had not been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The obtained data were then qualitatively and descriptively analyzed.

Results: Struggles experienced by the mothers were classified into ten categories, including “continuing to interact with their children while being influenced by children’s behaviors predicated by the developmental disorder,” “physical and mental exhaustion from the lack of relaxation and free time,” “experiencing difficult times and unenjoyable parenting because of not knowing what to do and being unsuccessful after struggles,” and “living a life that differs from the mother’s prior expectation because of having to deal with their child all day.”

Discussion: The mothers experienced difficulties that arose in dealing with their children’s needs all day long. They repeatedly felt anxious and not understood by those around them and consciously isolated themselves. These results suggest that there is a need to provide continuous support to mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in a sympathetic manner.

Objective: Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) is promoted as one of the most effective tuberculosis control measures throughout the world. This study aimed to clarify the concept of treatment life among community patients with tuberculosis receiving support within DOTS in Japan.

Methods: Referring the framework of Rodgers’ concept analysis method, semi-structured interviews were conducted by eight public health nurses providing care and support within DOTS. Interviews were analyzed qualitatively and structured concept.

Results: Antecedents were identified with 3 categories, describing the patients’ life receiving support within DOTS. Attributes were described as assessments points. Consequences were patients’ improvement on emotional and life aspect.

Discussion: Thus concept of life among patients with tuberculosis receiving support within DOTS was defined as “Running through the treatment along with receiving accompany”. The identified concept model can contribute to the improvement of nursing practice, research and education in the fields on public health nursing in Japan.

Purpose: Problems faced by mothers having children with food allergies (FA) and coping behaviors were examined, and coping behaviors were analyzed from the perspective of health literacy (HL). Moreover, appropriate support methods for such mothers are discussed.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine mothers and the results were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.

Results: Five categories of problems faced by mothers were identified: “difficulties in obtaining information about the disease and treatment;” “anxiety about the appearance of allergic symptoms;” “treatment burden and difficulties;” “difficulties associated with understanding and obtaining support from family, friends, and the community;” and “difficulties associated with understanding and obtaining support from kindergartens, nurseries and elementary schools.” The following five categories of coping behaviors were developed: “obtaining information related to FA,” “taking countermeasures according to the information,” “implementing different countermeasures,” “explaining to family members and concerned people and asking them to take countermeasures,” “explaining to children about the disease and its treatment.”

Discussion: Just after the diagnosis, it was difficult for mothers having children with FA to obtain information about the disease and treatment. Nevertheless, they acquired HL and dealt with growth-associated problems. It is considered necessary to provide consultations by professionals to facilitate the acquisition of HL.

Purpose: To identify the practices for the community assessments by public health nurses working in administrative agencies and related factors

Method: We conducted a survey by mailing an anonymous, self-administered paper questionnaire to municipal health nurses/prefectural public health centers. The survey took in consideration 9 selected characteristics, 29 practical conditions of community assessments and 8 affecting factors. After practice situation is confirmed, multiple regression analysis was conducted on the relationship between the selected characteristics and the affecting factors.

Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 888 individuals at 187 facilities, and 249 individuals (28.0%) returned valid answers. “It isn’t being practiced.” the item in which a group exceeded 70 percent was 7 item. The results of multiple regression analysis evidenced a significant correlation between the 3 items of “Implementation of community assessments at current department”, “Necessity of community assessments”, and “Advice/Guidance at outside department.”

Considerations: A problem for the community assessments practices is how to catch lurk-ized problem and utilization a science of statistics, epidemiology. A suggested one’s workplace environment related the practice practices for the community assessments