The purpose of this study was to explore how "commu - phobic tendency" related to the characteristics of friendship patterns among contemporary college students. Cluster analysis was used for variables concerning anthropophobic - and commu - phobic tendency, and four large clusters were found. Students in Cluster 1 showed a high level of anxiety toward emotionally close friends. They were also high on a subscale of the friendship - pattern measure, which measured the tendency to avoid intimacy with others. Unlike them, those in Cluster 4 scored high on a subscale measuring the tendency to be careful not to hurt friends. Those in Cluster 3 were high on a subscale measuring the tendency to be just together with friends without becoming intimate. These results suggest that "commu - phobic adolescents" who withdraw from interpersonal relationships are different from those who are less anthropophobic and able to maintain superficial relationships with others.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics of only child adolescents in China, in comparison with those who were not a only child, and in relation to perceived rearing attitudes of their parents. A total of 413 high school and college students in China, 255 only child and 158 non-only child, completed Ya abe-Guilford Personality Inventory and a diagnostic test of parent-child relationship. Main findings were as follows: (1) Only child adolescents were higher on social extroversion and lower on cyclic tendency of Y-G personality traits than the non-only child. (2) Factor analysis extracted four factors for perceived parental rearing attitudes: control, obedience, expectancy-interference, and child-centered. (3) Multiple regression analysis found a number of significant relationships between personality traits of the only child and perceived parental rearing attitudes. It was suggested, unlike previous studies, that higher social extroversion and lower cyclic tendency of the only child, personality that appeared rather adaptive, were related to the parental rearing attitude of control or obedience. These findings were discussed from the viewpoints of educational circumstances and parental expectancies under China's single child policy.

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The present study explored the effects of positive and negative affectivity on five different kinds of interpersonal interaction: recreation, instrumental and emotional help-seeking, and instrumental and emotional help-giving. Four hundred and eight college students completed Multiple Mood Scale-Trait, and rated frequency and outcome and efficacy expectations for each of the five kinds of interpersonal interaction. Results of path analysis showed that trait positive affect raised outcome and efficacy expectations in all interaction, which in turn raised frequency of interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, trait negative affect lowered efficacy expectation for instrumental help-seeking, which in turn decreased frequency of this kind of interaction. In emotional help-seeking, however, trait negative affect raised outcome expectancy, which in turn raised its interaction frequency. In instrumental and emotional help-giving, trait negative affect lowered efficacy expectation, which in turn lowered frequency of the kind of interaction. These results suggest that the relations of trait negative affect to outcome and efficacy expectations depend on the kind of interpersonal interaction.

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