The purpose of this study is to reconsider a recognition aspect in the ethnography from the point of view of the embodiment. Therefore, it paid attention to the difference of the recognition aspect and the embodiment in the practitioner and the ethnographer. The result obtained here is as follows: “Body in investigation”is different from “body in practice”which is characteristic of “taken-for-granted”. The recognition aspect in “body in investigation”is characteristic of embodiment which repeats two recognition aspects. One side is the hypothesis verification based on the sensitive recognition and the other side is the interpretation by the reflective recognition. Namely, the personal hypothesis is verified and validity is enhanced by the bodily sense of the ethnographer which changes from “It gets stiff”at the beginning to “It gets used”about the space.

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In modern societies, people feel much psychological stress and require ways to relieve their stress. There is the music therapy by music appreciations as one of the ways. However, there are few research reports objectively describing a relationship between the effectiveness of music appreciation and the characteristics of the music. To clarify the relationship scientifically, it is very important to obtain subjective evaluations of the music through the psychological measurements and objective evaluations of the brain activity through the physiological measurements.
This paper describes Kansei evaluations of percussion music based on psychological measurements by SD method and physiological measurements by NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy). First, we classify the percussion instruments into two types such as the idiophone and the membranophone and describe the characteristics of them. Secondly, we conduct a Kansei evaluation survey by SD method and show the six kinds of Kansei adjectives distributed on Soft-Warm factor space. Thirdly, we measure oxidized hemoglobin (oxyHb) of the frontal lobe using NIRS and propose a signal processing method for NIRS data. Finally, we construct qualitative models of changes of oxyHb for the six kinds of Kansei adjectives and clarifies the relationship between the subjectivity of Kansei and the brain activities.

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This paper analyzes success factors for product development strategies in Japanese printer industry. Over the past five years, inkjet printer demand has grown rapidly, and there has been an increasingly active and expanding consumer market. This, in turn, has intensified competition between inkjet printer manufacturers in the Japanese market with respect to printer functions, capacity, price, etc. At present, Seiko Epson has the number one share in Japan's consumer inkjet printer market. Focusing on the success example offered by Seiko Epson, this paper compares the two market competitors Seiko Epson and Canon while considering the way in which these organizations have handled technology inheritance and development of technology strategies. Furthermore, in order to analyze the technical elements that have enabled Seiko Epson to obtain the top share the inkjet printer market, this paper looks at patent acquisition data to analyze the patent registration activity of Seiko Epson and compare it with Canon. The results of this analysis provide further insight into the factors behind company's success.

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Recently, the development of electronic devices has enabled people to have frequent access to computer-mediated communication (CMC) devices. In this study, we investigated the effects of e-mail messages containing various types of emoticons such as face marks, static emoticons, and moving emoticons-on receivers' impression formation in situations of gratitude and apology. Each e-mail message was framed both politely and normally, with and without emoticons. Then, participants rated their impressions of the messages on a CMC questionnaire. The results revealed that the messages containing emoticons enhanced impressions of extroversion and friendliness, while those without emoticons diminished impressions of faithfulness and truthfulness, suggesting that emoticons played an important and delicate role in CMC. Moreover, the normal version of the messages enhanced impressions of extroversion and friendliness, and the polite version of the message enhanced impressions of faithfulness and truthfulness. Other interesting results were also observed.

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It is assumed that the durations of response latencies of two speakers (i. e., latencies before responding to the conversational partner's last utterance) becoming similar over the time course (i. e., convergence) influences performance evaluation within dialogues. Twelve dyads in which the participants had opposing opinions regarding a particular topic tried to reach a compromise through discussion, under audio-only conditions. Six dyads participated in each of the two experimental conditions: a decreasing transmission delay condition in which the transmission durations decrease gradually, so that response latencies tend to converge, and an increasing transmission delay condition in which the transmission durations increase gradually, so that response latencies do not converge. At the end of the 15-minute dialogue, the participants evaluated their achievement of compromise and the impression about their partners. Further, the duration of response latencies were measured from the recorded vocalizations. The results suggest that the speakers whose response latency durations became similar to those of their conversational partners over the time course evaluated that they reached a compromise. The influence of convergence on performance evaluation was further discussed.

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