[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The amount of enteral formula retained in the stomach is thought to be associated with the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux. In this study, we compared the gastric emptying of an acidic polymeric formula with that of a neutral polymeric formula in rats.
We found that gastric emptying of solid content was faster with the acidic polymeric formula than that of the neutral polymeric formula. No difference was observed in the gastric emptying of soluble digesta marker between the neutral and acidic formulae. On the other hand, the gastric emptying of insoluble digesta marker was faster with the acidic formula than with the neutral formula. When the enteral formula was digested with artificial gastric juice, the neutral formula curded with a decrease in the pH, but no such change was observed in the acidic formula.
These results suggest that the gastric emptying of acidic formulae is faster than that of neutral formulae, possibly because of no intragastric curd formation.

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Purpose: We investigated the current situation of oral fluid intake and association between preoperative free oral liquid intake and intraoperative dehydration for elective digestive surgery.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-eight patients who were to undergo elective digestive surgery were allowed to drink clear fluid freely for up to 3 hours before the induction of anesthesia. We assessed the association between the volume of their fluid intake and several perioperative dehydration factors.
Results: Median volume of fluid intake and urinary specific gravity were 750 (20-2050) mL and 1.010(1-1.030), respectively. They were assigned to two groups according to the volume of fluid intake: “L group: under 10 mL/kg” and “H group: over 10 mL/kg”. High urinary specific gravity was seen more frequently in the L group (p=0.0088), and their intraoperative urine volume was significantly decreased (p=0.019).
Conclusion: The results suggest an association between preoperative free oral liquid intake and intraoperative hydration for elective digestive surgery.

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Objective : Little is known about the anti-colitis effect of tryptophan or its metabolites. Here, we examined the protective effect of tryptophan administration on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis in mice and examined its mechanism, focusing on anti-oxidative stress activity.
Materials and Methods : Sixteen C57black6 female mice were divided into the control group, which received standard CE-2 rodent diet (n=8), and the tryptophan group, which received CE-2 diet containing 0.5% l-tryptophan (n=8). After one week, all mice were orally given a solution of 3.5% DSS daily for 12 days to induce colitis. Changes of body weight and bloody stool frequency were monitored every 2 days during the 12 days. At 12 days after initial DSS administration, all mice were sacrificed. Middle colon tissues were examined histologically, and nitrotyrosine levels in the colon tissues of the DSS-treated control and tryptophan groups were compared. Further, nitrate and nitrite (NOx) levels in urine were compared among untreated animals, DSS-treated animals and tryptophan plus DSS-treated animals.
Results : Tryptophan significantly attenuated body weight loss and bloody stool frequency, and ameliorated histological changes characteristic of colitis. Tryptophan also significantly reduced nitrotyrosine level in colon tissues, but did not significantly reduce NOx level in urine, compared with the DSS-treated control group.
Conclusion : Tryptophan treatment ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in this study. One of the anti-colitis mechanisms of tryptophan appears to be an anti-oxidative stress effect.

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Purpose: We investigated the effect of prior administration of clear fluids (oral rehydration solution and mineral water) on gastric emptying of enteral formula in healthy subjects as compared with non-consumption of clear fluids. Clear fluids were administered before feeding enteral formula.
Methods: Seven healthy volunteers (2 males and 5 females) consumed oral rehydration solution (ORS group), mineral water (MW group), and no fluid (N group) in a crossover method before intake of enteral formula. The gastric emptying time of each enteral formula was determined by a standard gastric emptying test method using ¹³C excretion ratio in expired air, and changes (⊿ Tmax) in a maximum drug concentration time (Tmax) were evaluated as the primary endpoint.
Results: ⊿ Tmax value of each group was compared with the Tmax of the N group. The gastric empting time was more promoted in the ORS group than in the MW group (⊿ Tmax(MW) vs. ⊿ Tmax(ORS): -5±15.0 min vs. -17.1 ±9.1 min; P=0.03).
Conclusion: The results suggest that administration of oral rehydration solution before feeding enteral formula may promote gastric emptying of the enteral formula.

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Objective: In the preceding study, we reported that glucose and amino acids decreased the insulin content in the intravenous solution with a higher pH. In this study, we investigated the decrease in the insulin content in PPN solutions and maintenance solutions with glucose to determine the factors responsible for the decrease.
Methods: Insulin was added to various PPN solutions and maintenance solutions with glucose, and the insulin content was measured periodically with HPLC.
Results: The decrease in the insulin content was due to adsorption to the container in a lower concentration and degradation in a higher concentration. The degree of decrease did not differ among preparations of PPN solutions or maintenance solutions with glucose. The insulin content in maintenance solutions with glucose decreased more markedly in the solutions with a higher pH.
Conclusion: Insulin should be administered separately from PPN solutions or maintenance solutions with glucose because the insulin content decreases over time.

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