Three Japanese Black male calves had symptoms of a loud honking sound and respiratory embarrassment with forced chest and abdominal wall movements. Based on clinical findings and lateral radiography, the calves were all diagnosed as having tracheal collapse. Arterial blood pH and PO2 markedly decreased, and PCO2 significantly increased. For treatment Hobson's method [13] was carried out, in which a polypropylene prosthesis (tracheal ring) made from a 50 ml syringe case was used. In each calf, 3 or 4 prostheses were sutured about the collapsed trachea. Though there was restoration from critical dyspnea in all the animals, three died respectively within 32 days after the operation due to complications from bronchopneumonia. Autopsy showed tracheal rings to be covered with thick connective tissue, and suppurative pneumonia and bronchitis were evident in all cases. Histopathologically, the collapsed tracheal cartilages were thinner than normal and bent irregularly. It was sometimes fragmented in the dorsal section of the tracheal transverse muscle at the point of connection to the cartilage. Histochemically, although cartilage from normal trachea stained uniformly by alcian blue, a dye which specifically stains chondoroitin sulfate, the cartilage from any collapsed trachea specimen failed to do so.

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Artificial turf mats were placed on the floor of a barn housing 184 dairy cows, to prevent the animals from slipping and sliding owing to inadeguotely spread out straw on the floor. They were also in to prevent ischemic anemiaand necrosis of the hind limb muscles, pre-and post delivery astasia, diseases of the joints, and papillary injury. The following results were obtained. Fifty cows safely bore calves, with no spread-leg slipping or stumbling during delivery. One cow, however, suffered a pelvic fracture and was put to sleep. 53 cows not using the mats were compared with 124 cows that died use than for the rate of cure. In the latter, this parameter was found to increase from 67.9% to 69.4%, with aboidance of the Downer syndrome or deterioratuin holted. The rate of scraping decreased from 32.1% to 30.6% by artifical turf mats. Eight cows had arthritis. The turf mats effectively protected the joints and arrest progressive arthritis in 7 cows. One animal had to be put to slop. It also prevented the recurrence of papillary injury in one cow previously afflicted with this condition. The present results clearly show the artificial turf mats to effectively hel prevent delivery problems and pre-and postpartum astasia. Well as and papillary injuries.

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Profiles of blood metabolites of high produced dairy cows were examined for milk prodaction and reproduction in 171 Holstein cows. Mean milk production ( 305-d mature equivalent) of the herd was over 8, 500kg( 8, 703-9, 602kg) and under 8, 500kg( 7, 121-8, 070kg) for high( 4 herds) and middle( 5 herds) groups. Cows of each groups were classified into 5 lactating stages (early, height, middle, late, dry). In the high group, plasma glucose and serum albumin were stable in high level through 5 stages. In the middle group, glucose level at the early stage and albumin level at middle stage were lower than in the high group. Changes in body condition scores in the high group were fewer than the middle group. The high group showed good fertility and low occurran of metabolic disease. No significant differences in milk components could be detected.

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Clinico-pathological findings on dairy cows with postpartum paraplegia were studied with some discussions related to onset of this disease. As the result increase of WBC, decrease of lymphocytes, elevation of serum CPK and GOT levels, and enhancement of blood sugar values were noted. About44% of the cows with postpartum astasia showed the serum vitamin E (VE)level below 1.5μg/ml, and about49% of them showed the serum Ca level below 6mg/dl. On the other hand this disease used to occur at a markedly high ratio on the animals with insufficient movements, imbalanced feeding during the dry period, and obesity. It was noted more frequently when the floor was slippy making it hard to stand up therefrom in the stall, or on the cows with high milk production, narrow pin bone width, and weak legs respectively in constitution. Upon application of the hock joint holder to those with this disease or onset of which is expected, a remarkable effect was obtained in treatments and prophylaxes. The lesion was localized principally in muscleg of the hind quarters, showing aseptic muscular degeneration, together with common histological findings such as strophy of muscle fiber and Zenker's degeneration. Based on these results it is considered that in the cows with this disease muscular degeneration has developed subclinically already at the prepartum stage, therefore, if it is feasible to keep the animals standing up physically even in a short time by means of the hock joint holder or else at the initial stage in the course of this lesion or before onset, a great effect can be expected on treatments and prophylaxes for this disease.

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As the background of frequent disease onset noted from the herd test for 28 high milk producing cows yielding 9631kg per head annually on the average, it was found that 16 animals out of 26 (61.5%) showed vitamin E (VE) concentration in blood lower than 4μg/ml individually. Reduction of Selenium (Se) was noted on 3 animals (11.5%), association of which with the lower concentration of VE made the lesion further aggravated. Physiological changes of the VE level in blood were noted in the aged animals as well as those before or after the delivery, or deficiency in internal maintenance invited further decrease of the same as the performance was higher. The animals showing subclinically low level of VE can be seen in parallel to those in good health and those in the line of high performance, which reveals that differences are observed by strains and by individuals. In the milk cows with high performance, specially in the lines of PF and ABC, there were much more animals with vulnerable constitutions compared with those of other strains, more than a half of them being subclinically holding the low level of VE. It was also differentiable by strains. Accordingly it can be identified as the respective constitution. As the background of frequent onsets of diseases, there exist subclinical decrease of VE in blood together with the vulnerable constitution as causal factors, therefore, as the radical ways of preventing frequent disease onsets it is considered important to dose VE and Se specially in the pre-and postpartum periods for the diseases reactive with VE and Se, or mixing them in the feed, as well as to avoid inbreeding on the basis of mating for improving the constitution.

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A 4 month-old male Holstein calf weighing 160kg was treated for swelling under its left jaw. Blood examination and exploratory puncture indicated a pool of translucent mucus and the swelling was thus diagnosed as a salivary cyst. While under sedation and local anesthesia, the calf was placed on its right side and the cyst was removed surgically. The animal subsequently developed normally and was sold 6 months later. Histopathologically, the cyst was shown to have originated from submandibular salivary glands. The epithelium lining of the cyst was quite similar to that of the salivary duct's.

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Ten calves diagnosed as retension of feed residues in abomasum from the clinical symptoms, were observed clnically, and the ways of diagnoses and treatments were studied. Either of calves with onset was a Japanese black calf suckling. Onset was noted 18 to 158 days after birth, 48 days on the average. In either case the initial symptom was watery stool, which however did not improve by the treatment for diarrhea. Whith gradual development of weakness, loss of appetite, distended abdominal circumference, splash around the abomasum, and markedly decreased defecation were noted. Either of 3 animals, Case Nos. 1 - 3, to which the medical symptomatic therapy was applied continuously even after the 6 th day of illness, died in the course of 19 days on the average. For two animals, Nos. 4 and 5, abomasectomy was performed after the 6 th day counted from onset, while for 5 animals, Nos. 6 -10, an abdominal massage was given for the purpose of agitating the abomasum with the contents. As the result, next day of the either treatment an abundant quantity of stool or the normal stool was discharged, and general symptoms were improved simultaneously.
At the pyloric region of Case Nos. 1 and 2, there were ulcers narrowing the pylorus with their elevations, while in case of No.3 the pylorus was occlided with a hair-bulb. In the abomasum of Case Nos.4 and 5 surgically operated, undigested vegetable fibers were accumulated. Based on the above, it was known that when distension of abdominal circumference, splash around the abomasum and marked decrease of stool discharge are noted as clinical symptoms on calves, an abdominal massage around the abomasum or abomasectomy for treatment of gastric ulcer are effective.

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To the pasture heavily polluted with piroplasmosis, the planned hygienic countermeasure program for this year was applied. Upon employment of the regular extermination for mites (spray of "Neghon" on the body of cattles, attachment of ear-tags, treatment of the cattles with a pyrethroid acaricide by the "pour-on" system), the regular sanitary examination, and the early treatment, decrease of piroplasmic infection, reduced ratio of animals showing the Ht level lower than 30%, decrease of treatment applications, reduced mortality, and other good effects were noted.

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