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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Kazuyo MOZUMI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
2-3
Published: March 19, 2005
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This report looks at the instruction of second-year university foreign students as part of Japanese language training. Resumes must logically summarize a text. Writing one entails listing points, classifying them, processing, comparing, identifying causal relationships, and comprehension. Advantages for learner-acceptance: a) strong incentive to present well in year 3, b) less effort than that for theses or reports, c) comparison of their resume with others', to easily identify their own weaknesses. We see the following as necessary for resume writing: 1) reading comprehension - understand each point and its relative importance, 2) logical organization - for structure, 3) the ability to list points concisely.
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Yasuko OISHI, Takahito UEDA, Reiko FUKUOKA, Ai ISHIDA, Tomoko NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
4-5
Published: March 19, 2005
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The basic principle of our Japanese intensive course is to ensure that learners can express themselves by using the Japanese they have learned on that day. To support this principle we employ core classroom activities such as ・ introduction of complete sentence patterns and expressions ・ drills of useful expressions ・ introduction of Japanese customs through sentence patterns ・ tasks on and off campus, and ・ activities with Japanese students and local supporters. We think that the one-day-one-teacher system is the most effective way to teach Japanese. This paper discusses our methods. To help improve lesson delivery we hope to encourage active discussion on class management.
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Use of a Video Conferencing System
Ikuko KIHARA, Takako ITABASHI, Yukiko KAWASUMI, Mayumi TAKAMURA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
6-7
Published: March 19, 2005
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Recently, Japanese language education has been increasingly using distance learning education as a teaching tool. This research exhibits the results of Japanese conversation class employing video-conferencing systems within Japan, and how it is different from ordinary classroom activities from the view point of the educators. The research indicated that there were few technical difficulties. However, educators felt the distances from their students and the needs to keep students' attention all the time. In addition, materials and grammar exercises needed to be specially designed for this environment. The demand for distance learning is forecasted to grow in the future. Therefore, there will be greater demand for customizing teaching materials, as well as technical support for the video-conferencing systems.
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Tomoko HONGO, Mariko MASUDA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
8-9
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper describes the learners' conscious learning process of conversation skills during the "discourse-constructing task" (Masuda 2005). In a series of activities, learners first fill in the sheet with the factors for constructing discourse: communicative intent, contents, relationship between participants, shared context and other information. They then construct the discourse plans based on the sheet, and perform them. A feedback session with other learners and a teacher provides learners with the opportunities to analyze the functions and the conversation skills reflectively and thoroughly.
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Miki SAIJO, Tomoko FUJIMURA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
10-11
Published: March 19, 2005
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This study reports the significance of note-reviewing for learners of Japanese in understanding a lecture. 54 learners of Japanese who were scheduled to enter universities participated in comprehension tests (immediately after watching the recorded lecture and one day after watching the recorded lecture ) of the contents of the lecture. As to 4 of them, all action delivered by their hands was recorded and categorized for quantitative comparison of their action among the students. The results show that the students who referred to their notes one day after the lecture scored better than the students who were in other group, and the student who reviewed her note more frequently during the lecture gained better score than the other students.
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Hiroko FUJISHIRO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
12-13
Published: March 19, 2005
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In this paper, I will introduce a method to explain sentence patterns and expressions vising metaphors. I will show an example of -NODA. -NODA has many usages, and numerating each usage is not enough to make learners able to use -NODA properly. Using a metaphor is an effective way to introduce -NODA, as it helps the learner to acquire a prototype image of -NODA. I suggest to classify the functions of -NODA into two categories, "textual metafunction" (Halliday & Hassan 1985) and "interpersonal metafunction" (Halliday & Hassan 1985), and use the metaphor of <the door to the underlying fact/meaning>, which reflects those two functions of -NODA.
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Toshiyuki KAWANO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
14-15
Published: March 19, 2005
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In this study I observe a Japanese pronunciation classroom and analyze it from the following three perspectives, using FOCUS. The perspectives are," (1) Source/Target, (2) Medium, (3) Use. As a result, I maintain the significance of knowing and changing ourselves even in the Japanese pronunciation classroom.
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Michiko KAMADA, Miki MUSHIAKE
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
16-17
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper introduces some examples of writing tasks and practices which enable learners to write concisely. The advanced Japanese learners sometimes face the difficulty in making handouts and material for presentations. One of the problems is to make sentences concisely by using appropriate words in appropriate style. These tasks and practices helped learners to improve their writing skills. This paper will show you how we performed these lessons in two different classes and what they achieved.
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Toshiko Ishizaki
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
18-19
Published: March 19, 2005
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I would like to introduce e-Learning materials created by WebCT Vista. The materials have been put together for the Kanji course which begins this April and they cover beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. They include multiple choice questions, "fill in the blanks" questions and short answers. After the learners have answered each question they can find out immediately if they are correct or wrong. If they are wrong they will be given the correct answer. In addition to that they can find out their overall test results. The questions are based on the Japanese Language Proficiency tests and therefore will be useful for anybody preparing for the tests.
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Tomomi SAKURAGI, Reiko SATOH
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
20-21
Published: March 19, 2005
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This study aims to evaluate and improve the website "First Step". The website was developed for exchange students who do not have an opportunity to study Japanese in depth prior to arrival. In the development of learning materials, especially online materials, the quality and ease of use of the material must be evaluated to improve it. Six novice Japanese learners were asked to use "First Step" for approximately thirty minutes. They were then interviewed about their impressions. Through observation, we found four learners studied the material in the order presented and two learners tried the quizzes before they studied the material. The comments from the interviews showed that the material satisfied their needs and learners preferred a simple structure with essential phrases.
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Yuuki HIROTA, Kikuko NISHINA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
22-23
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper aims at showing a development of Japanese language composition CALL system supporting for advanced level Japanese learners. This system enables the users finding the appropriate and sophisticated expressions when they have to write a letter or an e-mail. We have developed a system using Namazu , a free software for the retrieval of words from input key words. At the same time, we also have constructed database by collecting sophisticated text materials such as masterpiece novels and letters written by well known authors from Aozorabunko, one of famous digital libraries on the web. Finally, we have evaluated this system based on the questionnaires to the users. The result of the evaluation provides this system to be a useful tool for the learners as they gain desirable expressions by inputting the key words when they need to get the appropriate expression.
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Hitomi TASHIRO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
24-25
Published: March 19, 2005
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It is requited to write logically for academic Japanese. This study investigated the use of logical expressions such as cause, condition and concession comparing opinion essays written by intermediate learners of Japanese (NNS) with ones by Japanese native speakers (NS). The results are as follows: NNS tends to use fewer conditional, concessive and adversative clauses than NS. Furthermore, NS use other expressions that show the logic explicitly such as -kara-desu(lt is because) and riyuu-wa (the reason is), while NNS rarely use them. Also, NNS tend to use conjunctions more often man NS, but fewer demonstratives.
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Takao KINUGAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
26-27
Published: March 19, 2005
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In 2004, the International Student Center of the University of Tsukuba began to offer an academic writing skills training class for fostering self-regulated learning abilities. This study examines the effectiveness of the activities and tasks for the purpose of raising awareness of meta cognitive strategies for composition processes, text organization and the writing environment from follow-up interview data. The result shows that the activities for raising awareness of the writing process and text organization had the effect of revitalizing students' writing strategies. However, the activities for improving students' social strategies need further consideration.
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Hongquan CAO, Kikuko NISHINA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
28-29
Published: March 19, 2005
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As regards collocation, which relates to the meaning of word and the combination of words, it is difficult to find a general tendency from individual. Due to its importance in vocabulary learning, through extracting the collocation related to adjective from learners' corpus, this research investigates learner's collocation learning both in quantity and in quality. We count and compare the incorrect usage and the correct usage in it, and also see if there is any relation between the errors and me degree of difficulty of words. Then we examine the influence of the native language transfer in vocabulary learning.
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Akiko TAKAHASHI, Jun UCHIYAMA, Akinobu ANDO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
30-31
Published: March 19, 2005
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In order to teach reading skills effectively, it is important for teachers to know how learners of Japanese read Japanese texts. However, it takes significant time to investigate these reading processes using traditional methods such as think-aloud and recall. This paper reports the development of a web-based measurement system to evaluate the reading process of learners of Japanese. This system provides a text, and 4 kinds of supports; meaning, grammar, discourse, and structure. Learners access this system, log in and read a text. Then, teachers can easily measure a learner's reading processes by analyzing their access logs.
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Mutsumi INOKAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
32-33
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper reports a poster presentation implemented in a conversation class with a task-based curriculum. The task of poster presentation was designed with the expectation of active interactions among learners not only in class but also outside the classroom in the process of "pre-task", "during task", and "post-task". The observation of the activities and the result of the questionnaires to the learners show that they actively participated in the task overall. Some students, however, had negative reactions although they thought the task was beneficial for Japanese learning. Based on the implementation, I will discuss the learning environment created by the task of poster presentation.
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Mari KOIKE, Michiko NAKAGAWA, Satoko MIYAZAKI, Mari HIRATSUKA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
34-35
Published: March 19, 2005
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In order to develop oral communication ability, it is necessary to learn vocabulary, expressions and discourse structures appropriate to various situations. At the same time learners also require the skills to listen carefully, to think of the appropriate response and to speak instantaneously. In the beginners' conversation class, new materials have been developed with the aim of training these skills. Learners practice carrying out conversation within an interactive situation. Practice with the materials offers learners more practical situations and makes understanding easier. Assessment by the learners showed a high evaluation of the new materials.
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Keiko HORI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
36-37
Published: March 19, 2005
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This article presents the developmental sequence of acquiring Japanese conditionals, focusing on the early stage of producing the syntatic forms-TO, BA,TARA and NARA; each of them has polysemous usage. Longitudinal oral data was collected by interviews with four intermediate-level learners during approximately ten months. The analysis shows four stages of developmental sequence. The learners begin a prototypical usage of conditionals-hypothetical conditional sentences, but the semantic domain of the usage is not clear, so that the learners make errors. As the range of meaning develops, the use of conditionals gradually extends from hypothetical to peripheral usage.
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―作文支援システムのための調査―
Norihisa TOTSUGI, Kikuko NISHINA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
38-39
Published: March 19, 2005
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We describe how to obtain the knowledge of adverbs from a large corpus. We use newspapers syntactically tagged by dependency structure analyzer as a corpus. Over 1800 adverbs with frequency more than 100 times are acquired. Co-occurrence words and co-occurrence sentence-final particles can be obtained. This kind of knowledge will help Japanese learners when they write a composition.
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-Short-terra Japanese training with partnership universities-
Miho FUJIKAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
40-41
Published: March 19, 2005
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Gakushuin University has conducted short-term Japanese training for three weeks for the students of its partnership university (Keimyung University, Korea) since 2002. The goal of this training is to overcome the traditional barriers of simply moving the home country classroom to Japan and of providing opportunities for exchange between foreign and host school students. This report describes short-term language training aimed at "協学(kyogaku=cooperative learning)" in the meaning of both a foreign student and a student from the host school participating in training, learning and growing together. It introduces the actual program and analyzes reports written by the host school students.
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-why is it so unnatural?-
Mayumi WATANABE, Wonsun SHIN, Yoko TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
42-43
Published: March 19, 2005
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We compared the usage of modality at the end of sentences written by native Japanese speakers and intermediate and advanced level Japanese learners. Consequently, the Japanese learners made use of propositions at the end of sentence more frequently than the Japanese. In addition, we found that the less they used propositions, the more they used sentences which ended with epistemic modality, especially 'to omou (I think)'.
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-Comparison with the preposition "thii" in Thai-
Ratchada TANGJITMATEE
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
44-45
Published: March 19, 2005
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The purpose of this paper is to explain the difficulty that Thai learners of Japanese experience with the use of "ni" and "de". We aim to compare these particles with the Thai preposition "thii". First, we show data on Thai learners' use of "ni" and "de". Second, we compare the use of "ni" and "de" with the Thai equivalent "thii". Finally we discuss the influence that differences between Japanese and Thai verb types have on the data. Specifically, Japanese verbs can be separated into existence, possession and active verbs. In Thai these are all used as active verbs.
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Kenji YOSHIHASHI, Kikuko NISHINA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
46-47
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper presents a new method of displaying Japanese syntactic structure for Japanese language learners. The new display method is a combination of three layout patterns, that is, modifier layout, parallel layout and case layout. This combination realizes features such as emphasizing core sentence, area efficiency and showing clear border of parallel structure. Evaluation test shows that the most of the examinees are able to understand some sentence structures more easily and quickly by using this method compared with other previous ones.
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-A new course design for JICA technical training participants-
Megumi IKEDA, Yuka HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
48-49
Published: March 19, 2005
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The following report is a focus of the curriculum for a basic Japanese language course provided to JICA technical training participants. The course is designed to teach fundamental Japanese to assist participants in daily life activities. Due to the high concentration of vocabulary and grammatical principles, participants were overwhelmed with the curriculum content and felt unable to apply the material introduced in class. Therefore, through the results obtain in an in-house survey conducted with the JICA participants, the curriculum was modified to adopt an approach that applied a higher concentration of oral communication activities. As a result, the curriculum modification produced significant positive feedback from both the JICA participants and faculty members.
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Mariko MASUDA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
50-51
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper introduces a series of activities named "Word-searching in dictionary". The author uses Japanese-English dictionary in the classroom, to help effectively learners at the beginners' level 1.) Hiragana-recognition, 2) mastering the inflection patterns of Japanese verbs and adjectives, 3) articulation of sentence structures. The point is that we start these activities at the first stage of leaning, and carry out successively during the course. The author suggests from this practice the possibility of reorganization of teaching characters, vocabulary, and grammar.
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Kaoru MAEHARA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
52-53
Published: March 19, 2005
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This paper introduces "Kanji Comprehension Task" which is under developing. This task is especially characterized in the two aspects; 1) intended for beginners from non-kanji backgrounds, and 2) focusing on recognition of shape and meaning of kanji, and knowledge of kanji itself. This task consists of (semi-)authentic materials (e.g., signs in the campus, a ticket vending machine in the station, and pages in the web-site) and some questions about various situations they would encounter in real life. Through this task, they are expected to learn how to extract practical information and to deal with various situations in daily life.
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Sachiko KITAGAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
54-55
Published: March 19, 2005
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Numeral classifiers are taught at the primary level in Japanese language education. However objects that are countable by numeral classifiers are not limited to the basic words taught at the primary level. Through researching drama scripts, I examined the adequacy of the way the numeral classifier "Hon" is taught in Japanese textbooks. The numeral classifier "Hon" can count not only things that are long and thin, but also things that have a long and thin image, like cassette tapes. This cognitive element makes individual study difficult, emphasizing the need for numeral classifiers to be taught with a textbook in the classroom.
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Satoshi KOJIMA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
56-57
Published: March 19, 2005
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In order to develop an education method to increase vocabulary effectively by acquiring both on-yomi and kun-yomi, measurement of the ability of transformation between kango and on-yomi, kun-yomi, Korean has been performed. The results showed that the transformation ability from kango to Korean, and from on-yomi to Korean are rather high, whereas from Korean to kango and kun-yomi ability was low.
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages
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