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Article type: Cover
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Index
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
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-An attempt to overcome stereotypes-
Haruka MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
2-3
Published: September 26, 2009
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In the Japanese society class with dialogue, learners initiated dialogue based on their own experiences, not from a textbook. The learners then changed their identity further in discussions with others, and talked about Japanese circumstances from various points of view. As a result, it was observed that learners developed their own topic in the dialogue and learned dynamic Japanese circumstances, with overcoming typical stereotype information in the textbook.
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Michiyo KURIHARA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
4-5
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study investigated the viewpoints of the students in the teacher training course of Japanese language by mutual evaluation on their lesson plans. The details of the comments include: 1) impression if a plan is easy to understand on surface, 2) concrete suggestions that are related to the Japanese language pedagogical knowledge, predicting how a lesson could develop in a classroom, and 3) opinion that are based on their experiences of learning foreign languages. The results indicate that the students tend to assess a plan on semblance, not on the content. Therefore, the instructions on developing lesson plans need to encourage students to examine that the content is appropriate to a material.
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-Stylistic research on sentence pattern dictionaries-
Sachiko KUROIWA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
6-7
Published: September 26, 2009
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"Written language" and "Formal expression" are often mentioned in teaching sentence patterns of Japanese. How is the concept of "the style of sentence patterns" shared between native Japanese speakers? I examined the issue based on "Japanese-Language Proficiency Test: Test Content Specifications (Revised Edition)" in 5 sentence pattern dictionaries. "The style of sentence patterns" varied a great deal depends on the style dictionary. I am going to find out "the style of sentence patterns" which is commonly shared between native Japanese speakers, and apply them to the teaching method of Japanese sentence patterns.
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-A Survey by Hearings of the Industrial Consortium of Career Development Program for Foreign Students in Japan-
Yuko FURUMOTO, Naomi KAWAGUCHI, Izumi YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
8-9
Published: September 26, 2009
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The results of a survey of 10 industrial companies brought forward several recommendations regarding the future of the university course "Business Japanese." There was no request that exchange students in technical fields study Japanese language for business situations. Rather, because such courses are provided by OJT upon employment in Japanese companies, the desire is sufficient proficiency in Japanese to participate smoothly in the OJT program. Furthermore, the desired proficiency level was frequently described as "the same as that of the Japanese" native speaker, and very high.
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-Comparing the results of learners with different Kanji background-
Yuan YANG, Chieko KANO, Takako SAKAI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
10-11
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study analyzes the advanced level "Kanji SPOT" placement test results of 260 Japanese language learners. These learners are divided into three groups: learners with Kanji knowledge background, Korean background, and non-Kanji background. The test results are compared and analyzed among the three groups for their item difficulty, item discrimination, Kanji discerning abilities, and the influences of the First Language.
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Hongquan CAO, Kikuko NISHINA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
12-13
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study investigates L1 transferability in the acquisition of Japanese basic verbs by Chinese native speakers (CN). L1 verbs are selected from corresponding verbs with matching Chinese character taken from the JLPT level 4. A lexicality judgment test consisting of 78 cases of correct usage and 86 cases of erroneous usage was administered to 20 advanced-level CNs. It was found that for 45 cases of correct usage, the rate of the positive transferability was more than 75%; for 18 cases of erroneous usage, the rate of the negative transferability was more than 50%. The result suggests that our approach is useful to CNs' vocabulary acquisition and to Japanese language teaching in China.
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-Helping Non-Kanji-Learners to improve their written characters-
Rumiko MUKAI, Shino TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
14-15
Published: September 26, 2009
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Many students of Japanese language, who are not Kanji literate, do not get enough instruction in the writing of Kanji, resulting in the formation of bad habits in the shape and form of their written characters. At Ehime University a manual prepared by language instructors for Japanese volunteers with no experience in language teaching to help these students improve their character writing is being tested. In this study, we will introduce the use of this manual and discuss the issues related to such specific instruction.
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Ting-Wei TSAI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
16-17
Published: 2009
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-te iru, passive form with -te iru and -te aru all show a state of affairs and are usually taught in Japanese classes for beginners. But most of the Japanese learners can not use them in the right place even they achieved advanced class. This study aims to figure out how Japanese use the three expressions by using composition test and follow-up questionnaire.
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Miho OKADA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
18-19
Published: September 26, 2009
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The sentence where the writing words coexistent with the spoken words is seen in the Japanese learner's reports of the university. I made six tasks for Japanese learner. Japanese learner used and practiced the tasks. Japanese learner practice the spoken words change to writing words 14 times. Afterwards, I compared the 1st and the 14th. As a result, I report that Japanese learner was able to do by 80% or more except one.
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Conversations during a field trip
Yoko NAKAI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
20-21
Published: September 26, 2009
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I analyze a Japanese language learner's opportunities to develop conversational competences while interacting with a Japanese native speaker during a fieldtrip. The data consists of a 60-minute conversation which took place when the learner and Japanese native speaker explored the area surrounding a university campus. I demonstrate the learner's practical uses of his linguistic, socio-linguistic and social-cultural competences. Finally, I discuss the effectiveness of field trips in acquiring conversation skills: During field trips, learners have opportunities to develop practical speaking skills while engaged in substantial activities, something they cannot experience during conversation practice in the language classroom.
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Hironori SEKIZAKI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
22-23
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study presents an attempt at Project Work. It involved the participation of advanced Japanese learners at International Student Center in University of Tsukuba, who recorded and transcribed natural conversations between Japanese L1 conversants. The learners then made presentations based upon these materials according to their own questions and interests. This study reveals that, through this activity, the learners' relative amounts of speaking and listening were increased. Furthermore, the learners' understandings of the features of spoken Japanese, and their levels of integrated motivation were elevated.
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Yoshiko KAWAMURA, Tatsuya KITAMURA, Yosuke TOMIOKA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
24-25
Published: September 26, 2009
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The aim of this study is to establish a reliable criterion for rating the level of Japanese words, and to develop an automatic word level rating system based on the criterion. We have already developed word level rating systems based on the coverage for the Japanese language proficiency test (Kawamura, 1999), word familiarity, and word frequency (Kawamura and Kitamura, 2008), and released them on our web page (http://language.tiu.ac.jp/) as part of Reading Tutor. However, they are not sufficient enough to rate the level of Japanese words for JSL/JFL learners. We are developing two kinds of word level rating systems based on the inverse document frequency (IDF): calculated from a newspaper database and from Yahoo-Chiebukuro. In the present study, these two systems are evaluated with texts at different levels.
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-Focusing on Sino-Japanese and native Japanese words-
Taeko TAKANO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
26-27
Published: September 26, 2009
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The present study classified Sino-Japanese (Kango) and native Japanese (Wago) words in texts to identify their effects on reading comprehension skills. Path analysis was conducted among semantic and phonological knowledge of Kango and Wago predicting reading comprehension skills. The results depicted that semantic and phonological knowledge of Wago showed direct influence on reading comprehension, while Kango affected reading comprehension indirectly via Wago. Consequently, the present study proposes that teaching semantic and phonological knowledge of Wago is the key to improving the Japanese reading comprehension of Chinese native speakers learning Japanese.
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Kanako OSADA, Takeshi KITAMURA, Noriko NAKAZAWA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
28-29
Published: September 26, 2009
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In 2007 and 2008, The Japan Foundation, Seoul implemented the dispatch program that a Japanese student studying in a Korean university participates in the Japanese classes at a Korean secondary education school to help the Korean teacher of Japanese Language. We report problems when the Japanese student participate in the Japanese classes. We want to show this program as a prototype of the native speaker participation in Japanese class in foreign countries.
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-A Report on 'Reflection' Activities by Using Comment Cards-
Toru SAKAIDA, Hisae IMAI, Chiharu IZUMIMOTO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
30-31
Published: September 26, 2009
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This paper aims to report how a collaborative learning in 'reflection' activities by using comment cards in a 4 week Japanese language training program has facilitated the learners' learning processes. The main objective of the activities was to improve the learners' understanding of Japan and help them newly find some tips for further study of Japanese. Some of them recorded their findings with ease, considered the other learners and the teacher as peers, and consequently deepened their learning. The results also show other good cases of deepening learners' reflection, but at the same time they show some cases of the limits due to the lack of experiences of collaborative learning, insufficient Japanese language ability, time constraints, and so on.
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Fan YANG
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
32-33
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study investigated on the dialogues between four students from Japanese junior class and three Japanese TAs, covering six topics for 472 minutes, and analyzed error-corrections and non-error-corrections for 971 errors. Analysis results revealed that overall error-correction ratio was low, and the highest one is about lexical errors. Explicit correction was used commonly, while guiding students for self-correction was few. Most of the error-corrections didn't break down the communication, while when pronunciation was incorrect, the communication was easily broken down. In addition, when the meaning of students was ambiguous, error-correction ratio was relatively high, and repetition and clarification request were usually employed.
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Wenli ZHANG
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
34-35
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study investigated the implicit and explicit knowledge of 30 Chinese learners of Japanese who are studying in a university in China through an 'oral-imitation test' and an 'untimed grammaticality judgment test'. The result indicated that 1) the developments of the implicit and explicit knowledge are different; 2) the difference is related to proficiency level; 3) there were two types of grammatical items of undeveloped implicit knowledge.
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Yuji TAWARAYAMA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
36-37
Published: September 26, 2009
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Texts on business writing for Japanese learners deal with, among many other things, styles for writing reports and proposals. However, if learners are not accustomed to reading these documents, it is difficult for them to remain motivated to study them completely. To keep learners motivated, I have introduced a new framework in a book on logical business writing for Japanese writers, and given them exercises related to learners' life experiences. Results indicate that most of the learners consider the framework useful in real-life business situations, and experience a sense of fulfillment through the exercises.
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Yukari ISHIZUKA, Ikuo NARITA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
38-39
Published: September 26, 2009
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During this presentation a comparison and analysis will be made about how 65 Japanese university students, 65 Chinese university students and 63 Korean university students (total 193 students) express themselves when writing an Opinion Essay. Particular attention will be directed toward: what styles Japanese, Chinese and Korean students use to make their assertions; how each group considers opinions from different perspectives; and, how each group addresses these arguments. Attention will also be directed toward: ascertaining differences between the characteristics of each group; and, a discussion on how educators can guide students on how to write essays in Japanese.
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Miki MUSHIAKE, Kazuo SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
40-41
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study follows on from our previous study focused on "Assessing the efficiency of 'prior learning of Kanji vocabulary"', which did not give an expected outcome with regard to learning Kanji, whereas this approach is believed to be efficient without any rigorous assessment of this method. We introduced a new teaching network, materials, and evaluation system that support our approach and make it more efficient. Using this system, we observed that the students were interested in and motivated to learn Kanji. In this study, we present a progress report on the "prior learning of Kanji vocabulary" approach and the achievements of this system by showing test results and a questionnaire completed by the students. It turns out that 'prior learning of Kanji vocabulary' requires a stepwise approach for defining concrete goals of learning Kanji among teachers and students.
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-A way to connect the past event with the present-
Sumire GODA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
42-43
Published: September 26, 2009
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Kudo (1995) claims that the function of -teiru used for past events in novels is to shift the speaker's view point to the past, and refers this function as perfect teiru. This paper examines this function in conversations. The result of our corpus analysis shows that the use of teiru presents three functions: 1) to avoid declaration, which is conveyed by the use of -ta; 2) to connect the past event with the present; and 3) to include the listener in the event to make it a shared event, which conveys the speaker's consideration to the listener's feelings. We refers to these functions as effect extending teiru.
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Akemi ICHIKAWA, Mizuki FUNAHASHI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
44-45
Published: September 26, 2009
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The aim of this study is to examine Oral education from an analysis of learner's utterances based on OPI interviews. Learners overuse some speaking style like "SOYUKOTO", "YONE" and so on. It will be useful for teachers to know how learners accept and understand these styles, when teachers point them out to learners. This study examines one method of Oral education based on this perspective by the use of data from 'feedback'.
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Chun Lin
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
46-47
Published: September 26, 2009
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The Japanese learning students at university in China are confused about the use of honorific expression referring to the third person. According to investigation of the textbook, the reasons are inadequacy of explanation about honorific expression and only focusing on learning vocabulary and grammar for honorific guidance. In order to solve this problem, we use the short story of Haruki Murakami to explore the teaching plan. The learner can deepen the understanding by studying the honorific expression in the short story. In addition, the learner is able to obtain expression ability of honorific through the activities of the short play.
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-Focusing on corpus analysis on an auxiliary verb te-morau-
Seyeon IM
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
48-49
Published: September 26, 2009
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This study was aimed at clarifying grammatical differences of benefactive expression between Japanese and Korean languages, focusing on a Japanese auxiliary verb: te-morau. Main verbs of benefactive expression between Japanese and Korean languages are quite similar. However when the main verbs of benefactive expression are used as auxiliary verb, there would be many differences between the two. In my opinion, especially Japanese auxiliary verb te-morau implies modesty and benefits of speaker, and this characteristic can't be seen in the benefactive expressions of Korean language. Learners need to learn how to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts between Japanese native speakers and learners themselves, considering these characteristics of Japanese.
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-Based on the questionnarie of Japanese native speakers and Mexican Spanish native speakers-
Aya SATOMI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
50-51
Published: September 26, 2009
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This thesis aims to clarify the recognition of the native speakers, Japanese and Spanish, with regard to the word "teineina" and "cortes" in how each vocabulary network. This survey was conducted with the questionnaire, which designed to investigate their assumption patterns of Japanese native speakers and Mexican-Spanish native speakers with "teineina/cortes". The result showed the both similarity and difference. The former revealed that "reigitadashii" ranks higher and the words meaning personal grace and attribute were frequently assumed, while the latter suggested that Japanese interviewees have wide-ranging assumption patterns and Mexican interviewees often assumed the word meaning familiarity such as "amigable".
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Toshiko HOSAKA, Emiko OGASA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
52-53
Published: September 26, 2009
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At Nihon University's short-term (three month) Japanese Language and Japan Studies Program, students take Japanese classes in which Japanese volunteers also partake. This offers students the opportunity to talk and interact with Japanese who are not teachers. Volunteers are selected and registered for each class. They sometimes ask foreign students to go out for sightseeing or have a meal together, and most foreign students enjoy their life in Japan with the help of these volunteers immensely. We would like to explain to you here in what way volunteers would get in contact with foreign students and what this means for foreign students.
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Takao KINUGAWA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
54-55
Published: September 26, 2009
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In the process of autonomous language learning, it is essential for learners to become conscious of their language-learning environment to the point of being able to verbalize it, and to participate in activities where they can establish appropriate goals and learning plans given those learning environments. This presentation reviews two types of classroom activities that the author has used, and compares outcomes in order to discuss their respective effectiveness and challenges.
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
App2-
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
Cover2-
Published: September 26, 2009
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Article type: Cover
2009 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
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