海洋音響学会誌

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In order to keep out underwater intruders at coastal facilities, it is necessary to develop a constant underwater monitoring system with surveillance sonar. For the purpose of usability, it is important to develop the system to be independent of the observers' expertise in interpreting sonar. However, despite the growing number of studies about sonar ADT in recent years, very few readily available studies exist that refer to actual underwater signal characteristics. This paper proposes a practical high-performance underwater constant surveillance system which even inexpert operators can manipulate. The authors developed a new surveillance system which uses three techniques: (1) a signal detection algorithm using an interferometric method; (2) an adaptive dual-threshold detection mechanism for unstable target signal fluctuation; and (3) a track-reliability evaluation system for sustainable tracking using an improved joint-probability data association (JPDA). The authors evaluated the proposed system using a simulation and the experimental data generated from it, and confirmed that the proposed ADT performs better than the conventional method.

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Global warming is an indisputable fact. It is causing the average temperature in the atmosphere and ocean to rise, the perpetual snow and polar ice to melt, and the sea level to rise. The rise in water temperature in recent years has had a negative impact on the ecosystem of Lake Biwa. We applied acoustic tomography to observe water temperature and flow in the lake. In this paper, we report measurements of the speed of sound and estimation of water temperature at Lake Biwa. We examined the speed of sound at Lake Biwa in March 2008. The measurements showed that the speed of sound in the lake is faster than in pure water. The water temperature was estimated from the speed of sound, and the estimation was over 0.5°C higher than the actual water temperature. Therefore, we applied a correction method to estimate water temperature. It used the salinity conversion value in the Del Grosso equation for the speed of sound. The difference of the water temperature between the measurements and the estimates is smaller than 0.12 °C.

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