How will we should understand meaning of loosely-structured society in southeast Asia? Is it not one by the opposed concept such as "the tight" Vs "the loosely", and how the loosely structured society is reproduced? Okinawa rural society has common characteristics of the Southeast Asia,while using a case on Okinawa. It is possible to summarize to the following two. 1. The meaning fitting which "the ritual" has charged with a governing role of the island in addition to the meaning fitting every original religion ritual. [two of the ritual practice] 2. The loosely-structured society is not reproduced fallingly on the place, has the tight system putting together which reproduce loosely-structured society itself [Re-building of a pair concept]

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The purpose of my presentation is to clarify the characteristics of landlord-tenant relations in modem Japan, compared with landlord-tenant relations spreading out in Asia area and to trace the characteristics to their historical origin. It is necessary for us to make reference to a doctoral dissertation upon Bangladeshi village societies given by Koichi Fujita in order to achieve this purpose. Fujita says in his thoughtful dissertation("An Introductory Analysis of Bangladesh Agricultural Development: Institutional Constrains") that landlord-tenant relations in Bangladesh generally are unstable. Most of landlord-tenant contracts don't last more than three years and for production to be increased, most landlords intend to shorten the term of landlord-tenant contracts. Fujita points out that scarcity of mutual trust between villagers in Bangladesh underlies the instability of their contracts. In general the landlord-tenant relations in modern Japan were stable in contrast to that of Bangladesh. The terms of contracts were relatively long and the regional mutual trust between villagers underlay the stability of contracts in modem Japan. The regional trust in Japan was formed by Japanese hamlet (mura) and Japanese household (ie) which were made throughout the early modem period and supported the stability of landlord-tenant relations. So, we could say that the landlord system in modem Japan was able to undergo steady development only under the regional trust mentioned above. Besides it cannot be overlooked that the regional trust economically saved the transaction costs between landlords and tenants. The regional trust had performed a crucial role not only in the development of agriculture such as landlord-tenant relations, but in economic development in modern Japan as well

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This study is a revaluation of The dispute of beer-barley in Inashiki sub-prefecture" in part of preceding "The action of cooperative system sale of beer-barley". In the past study -Me dispute of beer-barley in Inashilti sub-prefecture" is used to became a subject of discussion that is structure of domination and plunder in a distribution. Of course, this point at issue is very important without doubt. But I think the more important one we should pay attention is "Constituency of material institution" . This institution was a habitual product agreement between peasants and beer-company at first, and became a agreement attached to specific company. Finally, depending on development of monopolistic beer-industries, "Constituency of material institution" became an authority on how to dominate peasants. 'Me dispute of beer-barley in Inashiki sub-prefecture" was happened between peasants and beer-capital, which disputed over "Constituency of material institution".

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the development of raw silk industry in Japan and working of the Dainihon Silk Foundation of Japan on the era of Meiji, Taisho and the Pre-War of Showa, and the significance of the Dainihon Silk Foundation of Japan. The method of research was based on the references to history of raw silk industry in Japan and bulletins of the Dainihon Silk Foundation of Japan (hereinafter reffered to as Foundation) etc. In the beginning, Japanese raw silk industry had held a top position in the world from the era of Taisho till the early of Showa era, and the main workings of Foundation was three ones. The first working was the publication of bulletins of Foundation, the second was the guidance and spread concerning technique of sericulture and raw silk reeling for the sericultural farm households and raw silk reeling enterprises. The third was the proposal of policy for raw silk industry, especially at the time of economic contraction. In conculsion, it was pointed out that Foundation have mainly contributed to development of raw silk industry in Japan. Namely, the significance of Foundation was that we was able to call Foundation Technique and Education one.

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