本研究は、在宅高齢者を対象として、2年間、年15回（3週間に1回）の間欠的な生活・運動指導による介入を行い、それが移動能力（健脚度）及び血清脂質に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。
島根県吉田村在住の在宅高齢者44名（男性14名、女性30名）を対象に、年に15回（3週間に1回）の生活・運動指導を行った。開始時の平均年齢は、72.6±4.7歳（65－85歳）であった。介入方法は、健康相談、ウォーキングやストレッチング、高齢期に望ましい食事の調理実習、高齢者向けの球技などだった。これは、1995年4月から開始され、1998年3月まで続けられた。
経時変化の評価として、血液検査（総コレステロール、HDLコレステロール、動脈硬化指数）を1995年6月と1997年6月に行った。体型・移動能力（健脚度）の測定を、1995年11月と1997年11月に実施した。また、生活習慣に関する質問紙調査を1997年10月に行った。これらにより、2年間の介入の成果を検討した。
男性では、最大1歩幅が136％から167％と有意（p<0.01）に向上した。10m全力歩行では、有意ではないものの、2年の加齢にもかかわらず、能力が向上傾向にあった。血清脂質では、総コレステロールが189mg／dlから167mg／dl（p<0.01）へと低下した。
一方、女性では、総コレステロールが224mg／dlから206mg／dl（p<0.01）に、HDLコレステロールが49.6mg／dlから53.9mg／dl（p<0.001）となった。これにより動脈硬化指数は、3.9から3.1（p<0.001）となって、血清脂質の有意な向上が認められた。健脚度では、向上はなかったものの、加齢に対して能力の低下を防ぐことができた。
高齢者に対して、年に15回程度の間欠的な生活・運動指導であっても、2年間継続することにより、移動能力の低下を防ぐことができる可能性が示された。また、血清脂質においては、特に女性で有意に改善し、動脈硬化の進行を遅らせることができることが明らかになった。一連の結果から、本介入が高齢者のライフスタイルの変容に成功したことが示唆された。

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The purpose of this research is to find out if there is a relationship between children's mind and everyday-life actions centered on playing.
A questionnaire was handed out to the students above grade 3 and their parents of I school (Kanagawa prefecture) and K school (Nagano prefecture) on the children's everyday-life and their mind. The results were sorted out by sex and place into four groups: I school male, K school male, I school female, and K school female. Considering the difference in place and sex, the results were analyzed using the quantification theory type III and the relationships were examined.
The patterns of children's everyday-life activities centered on playing was similar in each group even though the numbers of each activity differed among each place. The patterns were simplified to “playing inside⁄outside” “many⁄few friends” “contact⁄no contact with media” “yes⁄no conflicts”. The change in pattern according to grade was seen in all groups except for boys of K school. Through examinations of activity pattern and mind, the following relations were identified; “self-evaluations on exercise,” “self-evaluations on health,” “the level of irritation,” and “frequency of outbreak⁄strike.” From the results, there was no simple relation between the place children play (in⁄out) and their mind such as irritation and outbreak. This shows that when dealing with children's mind and body, it is effective to observe children's general everyday-life on a wide range scale.

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This research was carried out to examine the present factors related to participation in exercise and sport in a highly aged society and to collect useful data for Japanese society that will be more aged in the future.
Using proportionate sampling methods, questionnaire (98 items) was distributed to 598 inhabitants in this village. 68.1% (407 respondents) were analyzed.
The following results were found:
1.There were 12 factors that showed significant differences between people who participated in exercise or sport and those who did not.
2.By factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and factors of exercise and sport, health, secondary sport involvement and communication were significantly influential in participation in exercise or sport.
3.In this village, exercise for health is recommended. But it showed that people who participate in exercise or sport were influenced not by interest in health but preference of exercise or sport.

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Since December 1997, we have been holding a ”Fall Prevention Program” at the Tokyo Koseinenkin Hospital for the purpose of preventing falls among the elderly people. In the program, first-time participants receive a medical check-up. It includes evaluation of balance functions and Good Walker's Index. Balance functions are determined by measuring the time of one-leg standing and measuring the fluctuation using a gravicorder.
The medical evaluation is followed by an 8-week course of exercise to prevent falls. So far, 150 people consisting of 19 males completed the course, and 131 females whose average age was 71.4 years old.
Those who had a history of falling twice or more in a past year were classified as fallers, while those who had a history of falling once or less were classified as non-fallers. Thirty-one people belonged to the former and the remaining 119 to the latter. In order to examine the relationship between the value estimated by balance tests and falling, the two groups were compared. In physical backgrounds, the average age of the faller was significantly higher than that of the non-faller (73.4 vs 70.8). No significant differences were found between the two groups in height, weight, and degree of visual and hearing impairments and body fat rate. In parameters measured by the gravicorder, the effective value area with eyes opened only had the significant difference. While the time of one-leg standing did not have significant differences between the two groups, there were significant differences in three items of Good Walker's Index (10m-walking time, maximum width of a step, and 40cm-staircase stepping). As falling is an accident that occurs when the body is in motion, Good Walker's Index which is an evaluation method of action seems to evaluate more accurately the tendency of falling than do methods of evaluating static balance function.

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In Kitamimaki-village more than 25 percent of the people are aged (more than 65 years old), and the percentage is speculated to increase from now on. Therefor, care prevention of the aged will become very important. Care prevention promotion plan was made focusing on the following two points. One is to continue taking data of health conditions of the aged in the village each year. The other is to prompt aggressively the use of care prevention programs designed according to health conditions and needs of each individual. In detail, first Good Walker's Index (Kenkyakudo) measurement will be measured along with the usual medical examination and everyday-life physical strength data will be recorded each year. Furthermore, healthy living guide and individual life-style improvement projects will be enriched along with intervention guide programs such as health improvement and rehabilitation programs (underwater exercise) using existing facilities as hot water pools. The expected outcome of this program is to clarify the effect upon the individual or the society and confirm its effectiveness and modify plans if necessary.

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