The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure of the influence that daily hassles and resilience (i.e. mental recuperative power) have on the self-esteem of schoolchildren.

　The sample consisted of 495 fifth and sixth grade children attending two different elementary schools within the Aichi prefecture. A survey was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of a resilience scale, a self-esteem scale, an aggression susceptibility scale, and a daily hassles scale. An objective value for stressors was derived by averaging the seriousness score of daily hassles in all subjects. The sensitivity to stressors was defined as what subtracted the objective value for stressors from the daily hassles scale, and divided by the total number of stresses.

　Some results are shown below.

　A factor analysis using the principal factor method and a promax rotation was conducted using the 24 items of the resilience scale, and the four factors of resilience, termed “positive future orientation", “seeking interests and concerns", “emotional regulation", and “perseverance", were identified.

　A covariance structure analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that resilience, objective assessment of stressors, sensitivity to stressors, and aggression susceptibility all affect an individual's self-esteem. The fit indices of the final model were Χ²=296.65 (df=123, p<.001), GFI=.936, AGFI=.911, and RMSEA=.054.Sensitivity to stressors and aggression susceptibility were both found to be negatively correlated with self-esteem. Perseverance was the only factor of resilience which affected self-esteem through sensitivity to stressors. Furthermore, of the four resilience factors, positive correlations with self-esteem were found for “positive future orientation"(β=.16, p<.01), “seeking interests and concerns" (β=.40, p<.01) and “perseverance"(β=.27, p<.01).

　Our study concludes that increasing levels of resilience leads to both a direct and indirect increase in self-esteem.

　This study investigated the relationship between Japanese junior high school students' access to sexual contents on the internet (SCI) and their sexual attitude and behavior. Participants were the students in the 7^th-9^th grades from a junior high school in Saitama prefecture (n=521, male=280, female=241). Data were collected in March 2008, using an anonymous questionnaire.

　The main results were as follows.

1) Forty three percentage of the participants had accessed SCI and there was a significant gender difference (males 48.6%, females 36.6%).

2) About a half of the students (43.0%) had accessed SCI before they entered junior high school. The results also demonstrated a gender difference in the motivation for accessing SCI. Male students tended to access SCI with active reason( “out of curiosity" or “to relieve stress"), while female students tended to access SCI with passive reason ( “accidentally" or “be encouraged to see").

3) Male students who had accessed SCI had lower self-efficacy related to sexual behavior than those who had not accessed SCI. In addition, participants who had had first contact at the 6^th grade or earlier, who had contacted with active reason, and who had accessed SCI for more than 30 minutes in the past month had more positive attitude toward sexual contents.

4) Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that students who had accessed SCI were more likely to have had sexual intercourse than those who had not accessed SCI. For those who had accessed SCI, the contact reason and the access time in the past month were associated with an increased risk of having sexual intercourse.

　The results of this study suggest that there is a need for education in relation to internet use particularly related to SCI to prevent risky sexual behaviors among adolescents.

Health consultation room practices are typically based upon the function of the health room in school and the yogo-teacher's work duties, but research concerning those matters is greatly anticipated. The present study takes as its focus the use of blankets to contained students in the health room in school. The goal is to shed light upon questions concerning the physiological and psychological effects evident in students who are not comforted with blankets compared with those who are.

The subjects of the study are a grade school student, a junior high school student, and a high school student who visited the office of a yogo-teacher in prefecture A with ten years of professional experience. As for the research method, the yogo-teacher who had participated in blanket use training sessions selected students with psychological symptoms as research subjects, and administered a questionnaire to those students who did use a blanket and those who did not before and after their visit to the health room in school.

Concerning the results of using blankets to contained students, the pain and stress levels in the grade school student were reduced, and in the junior high school student the temperature remained steady, while pain and stress levels were also reduced. It was also evident in the high school student that pain and the stress levels were reduced. From this, concerning the effectiveness of using blankets to contained students within the activities of the health consultation room, it is an effective method for reducing pain and stress in the case of students with psychological symptoms.

【Object】Since pandemic A/H1N1 2009 emerged in May 2009, as the Ministry of Labour, Health and Welfare reinforced the surveillance at school and especially first outbreak in Japan had occurred at high school, we developed the web-based system for reporting and summarize, and practically applied it at some prefectures.

【Result】All schools in 10 prefectures used this system. In total, 9000 schools joined the system, which accounted for about 20% of all elementary, junior, and senior high schools in Japan. Moreover, 682 organizations such as educational board, public health center, local government or medical associations, also joined the system so as to reduce their burden. Data input at school required only about 7-8 minutes. Willingness to pay at all current participated school amounted 12.29 million yen, and 61.43 million yen at the all school in Japan. Benefit-cost ratio was estimated as 1.76 in 2009, as 4.55 in 2010 for current participated schools, as 4.84 for all schools in Japan.

【Discussion】We saved cost for 65.7 million yen in the ten prefectures. Moreover we can prove its cost-effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to discuss the blood pressure response under various kinds of measurement conditions (temperature, time, body part, season) and the measurement conditions in the field of school health by using the cold pressor test (CPT). The subjects were healthy university students. All experiments were carried out during the period from November 2007 to February 2010. The blood pressure of all experiments was measured in left upper arm of subjects per 30 seconds. The right hand or finger of each subject was soaked in cold water.

The main findings were as follows:1) The vasopressor responses in the stimulation temperature of 12℃ (6.4±4.2mmHg) and 16℃ (4.0±6.9mmHg) were smaller than the responses in the stimulation temperature of 4℃ (11.9±7.7mmHg) and 8℃ (9.7±6.6mmHg). 2) The vasopressor response in the stimulation time for 1 minute (12.3±8.0mmHg) was bigger than the response in the stimulation time for 30 seconds (6.6±6.3mmHg). 3) The vasopressor responses in the stimulation body part of the fingers (6.0±3.7mmHg) and hands (6.1±7.5mmHg) showed little difference. 4) The vasopressor responses across the spring (14.0±7.3mmHg), summer (14.4±8.1mmHg), autumn (11.1±9.2mmHg) and winter (9.4±5.2mmHg) were not significantly different. However, between the average response in the summer (which showed the largest response of all the seasons) and the average response in winter (which showed the smallest response of all the seasons), there was a difference of 5.0mmHg. 5) From the above, when CPT was conducted to compare with previous study, the measurement conditions should be set in stimulation temperature of 4℃ and stimulation time for 1 minute. When it was not, measurement conditions could be also set to each study designs.

The physical activity levels of elementary school children are decreasing at an alarming rate. This has led to serious problems in these children's physical and mental development. These problems can be prevented by inculcating a healthy lifestyle in children from a young age. An effective intervention program that promotes physical activity is important for children to develop a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we need to examine the physical activity levels of children and their related factors. This study investigated the actual lifestyles of children and determined the factors correlated with physical activity levels.

The participants consisted of142 fourth-graders (79 boys and 63 girls) from 2 similar schools. Their physical activity levels were assessed for 10 days (6 weekdays and 2 weekends) using accelerometers (Lifecorder EX; Suzuken). Two factors―the number of daily steps and the energy expenditure of physical exercise (EEPE) ―were taken into account to gauge the participants' physical activity levels. The participants then completed a questionnaire that assessed their health status, health behavior, lifestyle, attitude, and environment.

The proportion of overweight among the children (boys: 15%, girls: 11%) was higher than the national average. The number of daily walking steps throughout the study period (10 days: boys: 13,441 steps, girls: 10,293 steps) was2000―3000 steps lower than that recorded in previous studies. The number of daily walking steps and the EEPE for the boys were significantly higher than those of the girls, and both sexes were significantly more active on weekdays than on weekends. The “practice of physical activity out of school," “practice of physical activity during recesses," “practice of physical activity during holidays," “place of play during recesses," and “place of play during holidays" were significantly different between the boys and the girls. This finding indicated that boys exercise and play outdoors more frequently than girls do. Moreover, the non-physical activity time on weekends was significantly longer than that on weekdays. Relationship between EEPE and variables which showed a significant level of less than 10% in the association with dependent variable in primary analysis were tested by the analysis of covariance using body height as covariate for the adjustment of maturity. It showed that the children's physical activity levels were correlated with “the eagerness for physical activity or sport."

It is important to develop intervention programs that promote physical activity by incorporating “the eagerness for physical activity or sport."