Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are highly cationic compounds. SP-012, a PEI, has been reported to exert in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects against the herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral effects of branched PEIs using several viruses. Viruses were cultured in medium and treated with SP-006 (molecular weight [MW]: 2310), SP-012 (MW: 3610), SP-018 (MW: 4600), or SP-200 (MW: 16560). Antiviral activities were estimated based on the selectivity indices (SIs) calculated from the ratio between the 50% cytotoxic concentration and 50% inhibitory concentration values. Our results demonstrated that all PEIs, barring SP-200, potently inhibited acyclovir-sensitive and-resistant HSV-1 strains, HSV-2, and human corona virus, and mildly inhibited the infl uenza A and measles virus. SP-006 inhibited HSV-2 by preventing host cell attachment and penetration, and by exerting a concentration-dependent virucidal effect. These data indicate that PEIs, including SP-012 and SP-006, may be novel antiviral agents with a wide spectrum of activity.

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Mohs paste is using for chemosurgery to treat local recurrence of breast cancer tumors and other tumors. However, physicochemical properties of Mohs paste such as hardness, viscosity, stickiness, and spreadability, change signifi cantly during storage after preparation. We investigated the mechanism of change in these physicochemical properties and reformulated Mohs paste. Mohs paste was very hard immediately after preparation and then gradually became soft and sticky during storage. We found that starch particles in the formulation caused the change in physicochemical properties. The initial hardening of the paste was caused by water adsorption and swelling of starch granules. The ensuing softening and tackifying were caused by gelatinization of the starch. The change in physicochemical properties could be restricted by reduction of free water in the formulation by adding a sugar alcohol. Sorbitol was the most effective material among additives because sorbitol can interact strongly with hydration water.

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