Although it is generally prohibited to use a car to evacuate from a tsunami, there were cases in which people were saved by evacuating by car during the Great East Japan Earthquake. Therefore, it is important to consider the safety of car evacuation. In this study, we investigated a method for predicting the damage situation when there is a car evacuation and examining traffic control for disaster mitigation based on real-time traffic conditions. In this method, traffic conditions are simulated in real time based on commercial vehicle probe data and cross-sectional traffic volume data from road surveillance cameras. By combining the prediction of the movement of evacuation vehicles with the reproduced traffic conditions as the initial values and the tsunami inundation prediction, the number of affected vehicles and the location of the damage can be calculated. We applied this method to the hypothetical Nankai Trough mega-earthquake tsunami in the coastal area of Nagoya City, and confirmed the accelerating increase in the number of victims in relation to the increase in the number of vehicles evacuated. In addition, the possibilities of disaster mitigation by signal control that prioritizes traffic flow from the coastal area and suppression of vehicle evacuation from outside the tsunami flooded area were shown.

 In the event of a major earthquake, the effectiveness of setting all sidewalks in the Nagoya Station area to be one-way for preventing congestion due to opposing pedestrian traffic was quantitatively evaluated through simulations. They were conducted under the condition where pedestrians were given priority to cross at crosswalks when traffic signals went out due to a power outage caused by the earthquake. If the number of evacuees walking home was up to six times the amount described in the Urban Regeneration Safety Assurance Plan for the area, it was revealed that congestion could be avoided on these one-way evacuation routes. It was found that this upper limit is determined by factors such as narrowing of sidewalks due to flower beds and buildings, and the merging of pedestrian flows.

 This study conducted hazard perception training on inexperienced personnel intended for future use using 360-degree images for novice workers at housing construction sites. We compared training effectiveness and subjective workloads regarding four combinations of media types and display devices as experimental conditions (360-degree still image/HMD, 360-degree video/HMD, 360-degree still image/PC monitor, and 2D still image/PC monitor). The memory task for hazard information showed high performance in all experimental conditions. However, for the memory task of hazard location, the 2D still image/PC monitor condition showed low performance and poor mental workloads. Realistic presence varied across experimental conditions, and there was no significant relationship between the presence and the subjective risk. In terms of motion sickness, all experimental conditions had low ratings. Based on these results, we proposed effective conditions of media types and display devices regarding hazard perception training using 360-degree images depending on the training situation.

 Following the Atami debris flow disaster, there have been significant regulatory changes related to embankments. Discussion based on the principles outlined in the new legislation is required. The safety of embankments is predominantly evaluated using two-dimensional methods such as circular arc stability analysis or simplified approaches. However, comprehensive case studies utilizing two-dimensional evaluation methods are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to provide valuable insights to aid the design of future embankment regulations by addressing the associated challenges and proposing solutions. The research is based on recently developed guidelines that employ the two-dimensional evaluation method. Additionally, new reference materials are presented to help design professionals directly assess the shape of embankments for different materials on-site. Furthermore, the influence of variations in arbitrary points on the safety factor is analyzed within the context of the two-dimensional evaluation method. The results highlight deviations from the assumed moment equilibrium condition and demonstrate that the safety factor varies depending on the distance of an arbitrary point from the circular arc sliding surface in the perpendicular direction. These findings provide a deeper understanding of embankment stability and could inform future design practices and regulations.

 Typhoon No. 19, which occurred on October 6, 2019, caused a lot of bridge damages resulted by revetment damages in Chikuma River in Shinano River system. It is expected that the risk of the bridge damage can be predicted in advance and the countermeasures can be considered by clarifying the factors that cause the bridge damage to such floods. On the other hand, most of the previous studies have focused on the scour damage, and there have been few cases of damage to the revetments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of 30 bridge damages caused by Typhoon No. 19 in 2019 in Takeshi river in Ueda city and Yoji river in Sakuho town where are the largest number of the bridge damages, and to clarify the parameters useful for determining the presence or absence of damage to the bridge with the revetments based on the linear discriminant analysis. The results showed that, as in previous studies, the influence of parameters such as the year of bridge construction and water depth was significant. In addition, the number of span, the degree of bending, the bridge health, and the cross-sectional shape of the river were also found to affect bridge damage.

 In the past urban fires and earthquake fires, the fire-blocking and fire-delaying effects of existing trees have been observed. Research on the fire protection effect of trees has categorized the arrangement of branches and leaves, the ratio between branches and the trunk below, and calculated the tree's void ratio. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies evaluating the fire protection capability of existing trees in actual urban areas. In this study, the author used a seismic fire spread simulation system incorporating the fire protection effect of trees and collected tree data in Matsuyama City. They quantitatively evaluated the fire protection effect of trees (referred to as reduction rate: the effect of having trees versus not having trees) by varying wind speed, wind direction, and ignition points. Furthermore, they visually and quantitatively demonstrated that existing green spaces significantly reduce evacuation time and provide additional fire protection effects through green space development.

 In past disasters, special needs schools were required to serve as evacuation centers. Therefore, in the expected future disasters, special needs schools in Tokushima Prefecture are expected to experience the same thing as in the past disasters. As a result of the case study of special needs schools that experienced past disasters, it was found that special needs schools have some problem points in the management of evacuation centers. In addition, disaster risk analysis revealed that many special needs schools in Tokushima Prefecture are located in areas with high disaster risk. Furthermore, the school disaster prevention plans of each school revealed that the arrangement plans for evacuation center operation were not sufficiently prepared. Therefore, based on past case studies and analysis of the current situation, we summarize the issues faced by special needs schools in the event of a disaster, and based on this, we examine the placement plans for evacuation center operations that prioritize the safety and security of students.

 Due to the heavy rain from August 9, 2022, the Nakamura River, which flows through Ajigasawa Town, Aomori Prefecture, overflowed, causing flood damage exceeding 1 m. A nursery school was flooded up to 0.75m above the floor, and 47 children evacuated to a nearby elementary school by bus and on foot. Evacuation was carried out for about 30 minutes from 11:00 immediately after the evacuation order was issued. Even on the day of the disaster, an alternative nursery school was considered, and after the emergency nursery school, the nursery school was continued using the public hall. Based on interviews at the nursery school, we sorted out the problems of evacuation behavior and childcare continuity. In addition, after reproducing the progress of the flood in the urban area based on the flood trace survey around the nursery school and the flood inundation analysis of the Nakamura River, it was verified whether the evacuation route and evacuation behavior were appropriate.

 In this study, based on linguistic data analysis from cases of disaster activity reports during past large-scale earthquakes, Specifically, we will organize the response cases and opinions of local government officials dispatched to the disaster area in the Kumamoto earthquake using linguistic data analysis. Based on the formulation of an effective local government BCP, we will make proposals to improve the resilience of basic local government officials in preparation for disasters.

 In this study, in order to evaluate the sloshing damage of water receiving tanks during an earthquake, we evaluated a pseudo-velocity response spectrum prediction formula for natural periods of 1 to 5 seconds corresponding to the fundamental sloshing natural period of water receiving tanks in the Kanto region. As a result of obtaining the pseudo-velocity response spectrum prediction formula by two-stage regression analysis, we were able to evaluate the observed values with high accuracy. Furthermore, using the obtained prediction formula, we evaluated the pseudo-velocity response spectrum and sloshing wave height of the receiving tank and evaluated the damage of the receiving tank container for the scenario earthquake.

 In this study, we analyzed the effects of flood education in elementary schools in Mie Prefecture, where flood education is provided, through a questionnaire survey, from two perspectives: the temporal persistence of the educational effects of flood education, and the ripple effects of flood education on the surroundings, such as families. In other words, we investigated not only the temporary educational effects of flood education on individual children, but also some of the long-term and social effects.

 As a result, the educational effect was most strongly expressed as self-help awareness, and as a temporal persistence, apossibilityof declining the educational effect was confirmed from the comparative survey after two years. In addition, the effect of the education on the households was found to have a significant influence on their daily interactions with each other.

 The results of this study confirm once again the need to discuss the effects of flood education from multiple perspectives.

 The motor carrier industry is expected to face a worsening driver shortage problem because of the overtime work hour cap that will be applied from April 2024. As a countermeasure, freight and passenger consolidation is attracting attention. Therefore, we conducted this study with the aim of providing knowledge that will contribute to the expansion of regions where consolidated transportations of passengers and cargos are implemented. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand how municipalities approach consolidated transportations of passengers and cargos and the public transportation policies they have in place. The results indicate that the municipality consolidated transportations of passengers and cargos, expansion of financial resources, expertise, and workforce, and a better understanding of freight consolidation in the public transportation policy sector effectively expand the number of regions involved in freight consolidation.

 In the construction industry, risk assessments are conducted at the planning stage of construction work and at the time of preparing work procedures. Although the timing and content of risk assessments differ depending on who conducts them, they are conducted to predict latent risks in the work and to prevent occupational accidents. At the beginning of this century, FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) was proposed as a method to prevent accidents by identifying risks that cannot be identified by conventional methods. FRAM is an analytical method that considers the activities performed at a site as a socio-technical system and identifies risks through the resonance of functions that emerge from the combination of functions that are coupled and dependent on each other. In order to reduce the differences in analytical results among practitioners due to the fact that FRAM is a qualitative analytical method, the use of a semi-quantitative method in FRAM has resulted in more objective analytical results and has enabled us to address hidden risks.

 Several measuring instruments and monitoring systems are being utilized to monitor slope deformations to prevent labor accidents due to slope failure. The issue for those instruments and systems is how to decide an “anomaly” using its monitoring data. Anomalies can be detected from the change in the strain of the slope surface using linear regression models and gradient boosting trees. This study attempted to improve the accuracy of anomaly detection using stacking method, a type of ensemble learning method. Centrifuge experiments of slope excavation were conducted, and anomaly detection was done using the data obtained. The slope was excavated for a total of 13 times and its deformation constantly monitored by eight strain sensors installed on the surface of the slope. In the experiment, slope failures occurred at the 6th, 8th, and 10th excavation cycles. The model was trained using the values before the slope failure, this established a state known as the normal state. Providing the model a threshold by defining a level or margin of difference, it can assess and validate whether a certain measured value was a normal or an abnormal value. By constantly monitoring the measured data and validating it with the predicted data, anomaly at any point in time can be recognized. Results from the analysis showed that performing stacking method improved the prediction accuracy compared to a single model and consequently lessened the number of false anomaly detections. This made the model more reliable to detect anomalies in slope failure.

 In this paper, we extracted lessons for dialysis medical institutions to quickly respond to water outages due to disasters, and aimed to utilize them for future preventive measures. We conducted an interview survey with dialysis medical institutions and water service providers due to water outages in Shimizu Ward, clarified their actual responses and impacts, and extracted issues in the event of a disaster. In addition, consideration was given to advance measures that should be taken in the future.

 This paper presents a case study of applying the slope failure guidelines in preventing disasters caused by steep slope failure sites. Then, geological risks and the possibility of construction troubles were extracted from the results of the slope guideline. Next, the three-step method, a risk management method used in the safety science of the mechanical field, was applied to the construction site and analyzed. Then, the significance of the inspection of slope guidelines and the information to be obtained were discussed. As a result, it was found that the concept of safety science in the mechanical field is beneficial for occupational safety and safety science in slope excavation work.

 In recent years, when large-scale disasters such as earthquakes and heavy rain disasters occur in various parts of Japan, the use of accommodation facilities is being considered and implemented as part of the support for victims. In reality, the agreement does not provide detailed information on how to set up and operate evacuation shelters in case of emergency, and there are still few examples, so there is a lack of knowledge on how to respond quickly.

 Therefore, in this research, with the aim of facilitating the use of accommodation facilities in the event of a disaster, we collected and analyzed support agreements nationwide, clarified the actual situation of the support system, and actually accepted victims. A hearing survey was conducted with accommodation facilities, and consideration was given to the roles and issues of accommodation facilities in the event of a disaster.

 In March 2023, a basic evacuation plan was released for Mt. Fuji. This evacuation plan is a complete revision of the previous evacuation plan. It presents an evacuation concept that incorporates walking as a means of transportation for evacuation in the event of an eruption of Mt. Fuji. The revision of the evacuation plan has completely changed the premise of the evacuation concept for residents living near the foot of Mt. Fuji. In this paper, we report on the results of a workshop designed based on the CAUSE model, a risk communication method, and conducted for residents in Mt. Fuji. Furthermore, based on the results of the workshop, we summarized the findings for the establishment of a community-based volcano evacuation system.