An early evacuation is the most important measure in reducing tsunami disaster, and an appropriate strategy including well designed evacuation plan has been strongly required. The aim of this study is to apply both SWOT analysis and shelter plan analysis on GIS to establish an applicable strategy for reducing tsunami disaster. In order to set input data for this analysis, we conducted questionnaire survey at four rural villages in Pacitan city, which is a typical populated coastal city in Indonesia, located in East Java province. This study revealed that the Rapid Growth Strategy was one of the suitable strategies for reducing tsunami disaster in those villages. Regarding priority factors obtained from factor analysis, this study found that "availability of access road" and "availability of public facilities" could be the concrete actions to realize this Rapid Growth Strategy. Along with above policies, this study surveyed the service area of current shelter allocation by the special and network analysis on GIS.

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  Most of the current tsunami hazard map is a forecast map of area washed by tsunami and it is said that this map is useful for rousing a sense of crisis of the resident. However, the hazard map that publishes information on the sea area of damage by the drifting ship and the wreckage is extremely few and the maintenance of the marine hazard map is not advanced. There is no research of developing the marine tsunami hazard map from the viewpoint of the continuity of logistic function in port. The objective of the present study is the development of the marine hazard map that can be supplied to continuity of logistic function in port at time of attack by tsunami and the case with the marine tsunami hazard map developed for Shimizu port is shown in the present paper.
  In the case study, the present marine tsunami hazard map was made for the port authority and an navigator of the ship. The present hazard map aimed at situation change in harbors at time of attack by tsunami and information on the ship behavior and the danger of drifting container were shown in the map.

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  Shallow water equation (SWE) has been widely used for wave run up simulation. Nevertheless, the equation itself has no appropriate terms for wave breaking. Recent studies have shown that breaking condition can be simulated by using certain shock capturing numerical scheme. The Manning approach which is commonly used to calculate bed stress in SWE is not always accurate in case of unsteady flow such as wave. Boundary layer approach would be more suitable in assessing bed stress under wave motion. In this study, SWE model coupled with k-ω model is used to simulate breaking solitary wave run up. A finite volume shock capturing scheme is used to enhance the SWE capability in simulating wave breaking. Comparison shows that the new method provides satisfying results and it can be used for further analysis of boundary layer beneath the wave run up.

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  In the present study, the hydraulics phenomena of solitary wave are studied in deep through experiments utilizing a closed conduit generation system. Variation of bottom shear stress was examined by analytical laminar solution, linier fitting methods and Manning equation. It is showing a good agreement with analytical laminar solution in the accelerating phase and deviate significantly during decelerating phase. In addition, boundary layer thickness and wave friction factor are discussed based on the present laboratory experiment and previous studies of Sumer et al.²⁾; Vittory, G. & Blondeaux, P.⁹⁾ and confirmed the good agreement among them. Moreover, in-consistent critical Reynolds number was found for solitary wave case. This observable fact is distinct difference with sinusoidal wave case which has consistency in critical Reynolds number. As a main conclusion that a new generation system proposed in the present study will be able and applicable to shore up an experiment on sediment transport induced by solitary wave.

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  A flap-gate breakwater is a new type structure for coastal disaster reduction against tsunamis and storm surges. The flap-gate usually lies down on the bottom of sea and rises up as a seawall with its buoyancy when tsunamis or storm surges occur. In past studies, capabilities of the flap-gate against tsunamis have been confirmed by hydraulic model experiences, and the characteristics of the gate motion against waves and sine-type tsunamis have been clarified by numerical simulations considering fluid-structure interaction. The present study improves the numerical simulation model so as to consider momentary flap-gate motions against bore-type tsunamis and interaction between the gate and a fluid resistance plate controlling rapid motions of the gate. As a result, good agreement is obtained between numerical simulations and model experiments.

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  There are several types of tank that store hazard materials on coastal area. In order to restrain the spread of spilled contents, those structures are regulated by the building code to construct a weir around them. The weir structure sometimes produces quite complex flows, such as wave overtopping and wave runup with large vortex, inside and round the weir. Further, these complex flows overtopping the weir may also produce specific hydraulic pressures and forces inside the weir, which resulting to the additional damage on the structures. This study investigates the character of wave surface elevation, velocities, pressures and forces acting on the cylindrical structure, which is surrounded by a wall that is modeled on an oil weir. The effect of weir configuration, i.e. height and diameter, to the wave pressures and forces were also discussed.

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  A new structure which has retractable seawall on the crown has been developed for the purpose of reducing the volume of overtopping by high waves and delaying the inundation time caused by tsunami, and wave basin experiments were conducted to verify the performance of this structure to mitigate tsunami and storm surge disaster.As a result, that the retractable seawall on the crown stood by the force of high waves were observed, and the overtopping ratio is less than 0.3 times compared with the common wave-absorbing caisson breakwater. As for tsunami, it is shown that using the materials which are more lightweight than general steel reinforced concrete for the retractable seawall, the structure can delay the inundation time.

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  In this research, the effectiveness of the newly developed resonator against tsunamis has been theoretically examined. We assumed, in this paper, tsunamis as very long waves with the wave period of 20 to 30 minutes. By adopting the typical bay, the wave height distribution in the bay was investigated for the various cases of breakwaters systems such as the harbor with conventional jetty-type tsunami breakwater, harbor with rectangular resonator and harbor with newly developed resonator. By comparing the results, it was realized that the performance of the newly developed resonator is better for protecting the bay area from tsunamis.

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  In tsunami disaster, not only direct damages by run-up wave but also indirect damages like collision caused by drifted bodies such as boats, automobiles, containers, lumbers, etc. may occur. It is important to set up the facility against drifted lumbers to reduce damages.
  In this study, we conducted the field experiments and the numerical calculations in order to investigate the characteristics of the protective performance of the facility for collision lumbers.
  As the result of the field experiments and the numerical calculations, we come to the conclusion that it was necessary to review K-value in the equation of Ellinas and the elastic coefficient of wire-rope.

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  Fishing port facilities are the main coastal structures in fishery area forming large stocks for which a considerable degradation is concerned. Introduction of the stock management capable of reducing the life cycle cost and enhancing the life and durability of the existing structures is expected. This paper discusses the future prospects and problems with the stock management when applied to the fishing port on the basis of the actual operations. For a smooth introduction of the stock management to the fishing port facilities, a series of systematic measures are introduced including accumulation/utilization of the surveillance data, appropriate diagnosis of the degradation, rational prediction/countermeasures for the degradation, and estimation/yearly stabilization of the LCC.

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  Non-structural components of mooring facility such as yard apron and ancillaries are important equipment for ensuring safe and smooth operation in the facility. They often suffer deterioration and deformation under severe environmental and usage conditions, however, quantitative evaluation method of decline in their functional performance has not been developed to date. The decline in functional performance of ancillaries would consequently become one of main causes of decrease in safe and serviceability of the mooring facility.
  This paper reports the results of the factual investigation on the decline in functional performance of mooring facilities in Japanese ports with focusing on deterioration and/or deformation observed in face-line of wharf, yard apron and ancillaries, such as bollard and fender. The problems for developing quantitative evaluation method of functional performance from the viewpoint of safe and smooth operation in the facility were made clear from the investigated results.

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  The authors were proposed the evaluation method of residual performance of reinforced concrete (RC) decks of open-type piers damaged by rebar corrosion based on results of visual inspection of surface appearance of the structures. In the method, the deterioration degrees judged by the visual inspection were analyzed by the extreme value theory. In this paper, the prioritization method for repair of RC decks of open-type piers was examined, in which the residual performance obtained from the proposed method was utilized as an evaluation index of structural performance of RC decks. Total of 10 RC decks which were in service for more than 30 years was examined, and the expected minimum value of load bearing capacity of RC decks was probabilistically estimated, facility by facility, and block by block. Based on the estimated residual performance of RC decks, the priority of repair work to the deck was investigated for strategic maintenance.

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  Field tests were conducted to examine the effectiveness of erosion control sheets on seawalls, against high waves. As a result, a significant wave height of three meters or more was found to damage erosion control sheets designed to meet the minimum standards in technical criteria. However, if a filter layer made of small-grain crushed stones is used together with the erosion control sheets, the damage was prevented. Moreover, with strong sheets - which weigh twice as much and stretch three times more than the minimum-standard sheets - in which no damage was caused even without the filter layer. In conclusion, for seawalls in locations with strong waves, the minimum-standard erosion control sheets are insufficient, and measures should be taken to strengthen the sheets.

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  From view point of operation and maintenance, it is a very important issue to survey durability of salt corrosion of coastal structures. Although accurate prediction of quantity of sea spray which attaches surface of coastal structures, the generation process of sea spray when waves attack the structures such as a pier and a sea wall has not been known yet. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out by using three high-speed cameras to capture images of generation process of spray when regular waves attack an impermeable vertical wall on 1:30 slop. From every captured image, diameter and location of each spray and the number of generated spray were obtained.
  According to experimental results, it was found that the number of generated spray had a peak until t^*=0.15 after waves attacked a vertical wall and that the number of spray depended on wave conditions. The time when the number of spray began to increase and the increase rate also depend on wave parameters. The mode value of diameter of generated spray distributed between 0.002m to 0.003m, which didn't depend on wave conditions.

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  The purpose of this study was to investigate rip current generation under calm sea condition, i.e. good condition for sea bathing. A two-week continuous measurement of near-shore currents was carried out at two stations near the breakwater of a fishery harbor at Sagara coast, Shizuoka. Characteristics of the rip current such as time variation, spectral features and vertical structure were discussed based on the data. Generation mechanism of the rip current was also discussed associated with wave properties and wind conditions. Sudden velocity increase up to 0.2m/s was observed for 1 - 2 hours under very calm condition, which does not show very clear relationship with wave and wind conditions.

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  Measurements of tidal current by HF Radar were carried out in Tokyo Bay. The surface currents are influenced by wind, so the currents are separated into tidal component and wind driven current. By using multi-regression analysis, the magnitudes of wind effects on surface current are obtained horizontally. The wind effects on surface current are generally large in shallower area of Chiba Prefecture side, and are small in deeper area of Kanagawa Prefecture side.
  By calculating the divergence of surface current, it's obtained that the floating garbage collected by garbage collecting boat were distributed around the area of convergence of surface current.

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  The observation, about multi layers at the 2 points during 15-days, and the moving measurement on the 2-lines near the breakwater of Matsuyama Port are performed. The numerical simulation model of tide and tidal current is reproduced the tide and tidal current field, which are clarified based on the observed data, around the coast of Matsuyama Port. The characteristics of tide and tidal current around the Matsuyama Port are investigated by the analysis of observed data and simulation results. The Forecasting System about tidal current around the Matsuyama Port is developed for navigation service to the users of Matsuyama Port. This System is composed two prediction method. One is the prediction method of tidal current components, and another is a simulation method of tidal current. The information of tidal current is based on the high qualitative simulation results.

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  To enable field-based forecasts of suspended solid (SS) diffusion resulting from marine construction in the Asahi district of Takamatsu Port we applied a portable numerical forecasting system which allows highly precise predictions of currents and SS diffusion. The SS diffusive model can forecast SS generated not only through marine construction but also by other processes, including natural forcing.
  To verify the high accuracy of the forecasting system, we compared past field observations of currents and SS distributions with modeled output. The modeled construction-generated SS was based on the manual by MLIT of Japan. In addition to the above, we improved a vertical SS generation source model using SS monitoring data obtained near a past construction site.

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  In backfilling a dredged sea bed pit, reduction and containment of turbidity by dumped sediment are strongly required. In this study, an attachment device to a vertical pipe for reducing generation of turbidity was developed. In the experiments, flow velocity induced by dumped sediment into a vertical pipe and distribution of turbidity were measured in detail. It was shown by laboratory experiments that developed device can reduce velocity and thickness of turbidity cloud moving on the bottom. Moreover, a field experiment using a prototype device in a construction site was carried out. Based on the measured time-series data of velocity and turbidity, effectiveness of the developed device was presented.

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  Direct current measurements were carried out at the Naru-Seto Strait and the Takigawara-Seto Strait during May 5-20 in 2010 and at the Wakamatsu-Seto Strait during November 1-16 in 2010 to find suitable places for tidal current power generation around the Goto Islands of Nagasaki Prefecture. The characteristics of tidal currents at the straits were clarified from the current velocity records. Moreover, it was shown that the measured tidal currents at the Naru-Seto Strait and the Wakamatsu-Seto Strait are very strong. The strong tidal currents suggest that the two straits are the suitable places for the tidal current power generation.

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  Characteristics of oceanic water inflow into Kagoshima Bay were examined using water temperature and current velocity data as well as satellite images of thermal infrared sensor. The oceanic water was shown to enter into Kagoshima Bay along the Osumi Peninsula when the Kuroshio warm filament with horizontal scales less than 150km passes through the Tokara Strait. Moreover, it was suggested that the oceanic water moves from the mouth to the central part of the bay with current speeds in range of 0.16 to 0.26m/s at the neap tide or at the transitional tide between spring and neap tides.

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  Sea ice thickness was estimated from the satellite-borne passive microwave radiometer SSM/I based on the field observations using ship-borne electro-magnetic induction sea ice thickness profiler and potable passive microwave radiometer in the East Antarctic and the Sea of Okhotsk. The Polarization Ratio of 36GHz showed a good correlation with in-situ snow and ice total thickness. This parameter was applied to SSM/I in order to investigate sea ice thickness fluctuation in the Sea of Okhotsk.
  Sea ice thickness in the Sea of Okhotsk indicated unique characteristics in its distribution related to local climate and topography, and decreased with ice area decline during 1989-2010 winters. Since 2005, sea ice thickness, area and duration of existence were decreased significantly.

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  Freezing area in the Saroma-ko Lagoon was estimated from ice surface temperature (IST) using the AVHRR sensor mounted on NOAA satellite. The estimated IST and freezing area were validated by comparing with in-situ IST and visible images derived from MODIS mounted on Terra and Aqua satellites. IST showed a good capability to detect thin ice and a weak point in melting season.
  Fluctuation of freezing area ratio in the Saroma-ko Lagoon showed a high correlation with freezing index accumulated from December to February.

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  Changes in habitat areas of mangrove trees along the Nagura river, the Miyara river and the Fukido river in Ishigaki island of Okinawa prefecture are studied by GIS analyses of aerial photographs taken within 10-year interval since 1962 to 2007. The GIS analyses showed a rapid wide change in the habitat area of mangrove after the construction of a drainage channel in the lagoon of the Nagura river. Although the catchment area of the Miyara river is nearly the same as the one of the Nagura river, the Miyara river has experienced little change in its mangrove habitat. The Fukido-river area has almost been consisted of a natural forest of mangrove. Little change of the mangrove area is also seen in this location. Study results show that the advancing of the mangrove habitat area onto the sea side is limited in shadow areas against incoming ocean waves.

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  Wave runup height is an important factor for flood defence activities along the coast. We developed an observation system of wave runup height including step-type wave gauges, a data processing equipment and web system, and conducted wave runup observation between November 2010 and February 2011 in the Shimonikawa Coast, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Wave runup heights were continuously obtained by the system throughout the observation period, and were verified with video images recorded at the observation site.

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  Multispectral remote sensing methods of water depth using high-resolution satellite imagery can potentially play an important role in coral reef bathymetry. The popular method by Lyzenga et al. predicts water depth by a linear function of variables derived from observed radiance for each band. Up to now, the predictor has been calibrated image to image independently using corresponding in-situ depth measurements. However, a recent study has shown some inter-image compatibility of the predictor.
  Based on the result, in this study we tried to build a predictor which can be applied to a wide range of coral reef images. We used four WorldView-2 images of three coral reef areas of different bottom types and water qualities. As a result, we successfully obtained a predictor which has good accuracy over all the images. The generality of the predictor will reduce the amount of the depth measurements necessary for calibration of each image to be predicted.

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  Long and continuous measurement of topography change is necessary to understand the change of sediment transport. This paper describes the results of the quantitative comparison between shoreline measurements by using GPS and by using ARGUS with various methods of image analysis. The measurement system was established by network cameras and the various methods of shoreline detection in images were applied to the recorded images. The best performance was obtained by mSLIM, basically based on the luminescence of the recorded image. The preprocessing which limits the analytic area with a difference picture enabled the measurement in a wide variety of environment. Sufficient measurement accuracy for long-term measurement of shoreline was confirmed with mSLIM. Furthermore, the wave direction obtained from the recorded images shows relatively good agreement with wave data measured offshore. The further development of analytical method would improve the measurement accuracy and it would increase our understanding of sediment transport.

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  In situ measurements on longshore sediment transport and sediment budget analysis were performed in the Sanrimatsubara Coast located in the northern part of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. In this study, colored fluorescent sands were used as a tracer to estimate sediment transport. Spatial-temporal distributions of tracers contained in sands sampled were investigated. Series of in situ measurements using large amounts of colored fluorescent sands were tested twice in winter and once in summer. Wave data in test periods at Genkainada located in the northwest part of the coast were analyzed to discuss impacts on the sediment transport. In addition, the long term sediment budget in the coast from 1961 to 2008 using available aerial photographs was examined. As a result of this study, it is made clear that eastward longshore sediment transport is dominant in the Sanrimatsubara Coast as a whole.

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  This study investigates topographic changes of Chiringa-shima Island tombolo by means of field survey using DGPS and point camera observation. The tombolo exhibits appearing/disappearing processes from the sea level by daily basis and altering its position by seasonally basis. The present study has revealed, unique properties as follows: The sediment forming the tombolo moves only in a narrow area between Chiringa-shima Island and Ibusuki mainland where depth is shallower than 2m. The forming location of the tombolo move northward during the forming period; March-June, and southward during October-December. The location change is accord with the change of the periodic wind direction. The transverse profile change of the tombolo is governed by the periodically changing wind fields.

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  An experimental study was carried out at the Kaike coast in Totori Prefecture. Artificial reef was constructed by shore protection works in 2005. The questionnaire survey has been executed since 1996. The value of coastal environment improvement was estimated by the TCM(Travel Cost Method). By the TCM, values were 1.0 billion yen/year from 1.3 billion yen/year, and values per person were 2,000 yen/year from 2,700 yen/year. During 5 years, there were soaring of a gas bill and price reduction of the high-speed charge. But, the value wasn't influenced by the social situation and was the same price.

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  Indonesia's long 81,000 km shoreline presents many coastal problems and is in great need of proper coastal management. One of the significant problems that need immediate attention and priority is beach erosion control. Therefore, hard and soft engineering approaches have been developed to provide mitigating measures against erosion. Hard engineering approaches, such as revetment, seawalls, bulkheads, groins, offshore breakwaters and jetties, are commonly used. While alternatives for shore protection can be available, it is the constrains affecting the engineering aspects of any shore protection design resulting from the improper understanding of nature, economics (costs), environmental impacts, social background, and possibly aesthetics that present problems in Indonesia. The objectives of this research are to review the optimal shore protection schemes to be implemented, and to consider technically sound, low cost and proper shore protection measures for Indonesia.

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  Many phenomena with the sea environmental deterioration are surfaced because of coastal development or too much hunting of marine resource in the rapid economic growth. Therefore, gradually the environmental regeneration project is preformed in each place. At present, coastal environment improvement works is executed in Tamana -Yokoshima Coast in Kumamoto too. However, there is not a clear standard to measure the success degree about environmental consideration such as the coastal preservation project.
  In this study, suggestion of the management technique to do a more effective project was tried by applying to the adaptive management for a coastal environment improvement works in Tamana-Yokoshima Coast. In addition, about habitat creation works being executed as a part of the works, the prediction technical development of habitat in the future by using HEP in the cases the works was executed and not. And about in these two cases the comparison evaluated.

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  In Japan, marine protected areas (MPAs) have not been positioned in marine environmental policies formally. Japanese marine protection methods are considered integrity of traditional and imported concept. The 10^th Conference of Parties of Convention of Biodiversity in 2010 was a trigger to promote MPAs.
  Islands have marine and coastal nature as resources for tourism and fishery. Solitary island regional policies come to turning points domestically. Recently, trans-boundary environmental pollution as marine litter attacked island coasts. International MPA network is planned until 2012 based on WSSD. This set a stage to share common problems of islands. MPAs have high potential to connect domestic scheme to international framework. And a century history cases as good practices and lessons learned can be utilized as experiences and precautions for international cases in the future. Marine and coastal engineering has various experience and method of spatial measures and monitoring. MPA management can be considered as a new field of engineering.

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  In Japan, though many kinds of leisure have increased, approximately 17 million people visit public beaches every year to enjoy marine leisure in summer recently. Visitors who enjoy marine leisure including the sea bathing utilize the sanitation facilities provided by public city offices. But, the impression of cleanliness for sanitation facilities has not been good because those are often unclean. Also, many visitors feel that the number of toilet bowls is not sufficient. In order to improve this situation and make visitors enjoy the marine leisure more comfortable, it is necessary to consider some measures of remediation for the sanitation facilities in public beaches.
  In this paper, the utilization of sanitation facilities (the impression of cleanliness, the ideal distance to the sanitation facilities, the number of toilet bowls and so on) has been investigated by the questionnaire. And some improvements to make visitors enjoy are indicated.

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  Both of river and seacoast zones have to be administrated as public domain; however, they are developed through different historical paths because of their different natural and social features. Comparative analysis of river and seacoast administration history led the following conclusions: (1) the key factor for better coastal management is to base relations between seacoast and two different stresses, one from the land side such as land ownership and land use and the other from the sea side such as physical change in coast and use of coastal area; and (2) coastal administration policy should shift to environmental management from public domain management.

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  In the case study of Shinmachi River and Suketo River Symposium, the purpose of this study is to examine that 1) how specialist strengthen coordination with local residents through outreach activity, and 2) the role of specialist. The results of this study, the specialist for collaboration with local residents have to understand that following three ideas: partnership on the assumption that disagreement of during specialist and local residents, talk candidly, specialists with the mindset of the general public.

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  Wave dissipating concrete blocks have been widely used especially in Japan and those have been usually designed to be stable against design wave height. The landscape is recently becoming one of the key items in designing coastal structures. The first challenge of analysis of relation between individual shape of concrete blocks and the impression of the publics, such as residents and tourists, etc., were made based on 1,186 samples by the questionnaires. According to the analysis, the round shaped blocks are preferably accepted by the publics to the others and the shorter length of lines on the surface of the round shaped ones can be considered the reason of this preference.

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  In the coastal area to obtain various grants is a big load when the environmental engineering is developed. The working group centered on Kure City (Hiroshima Pref.) that started in 2002, think about the coastal environment improvement made a system that municipal officials carry out the grant procedure in bulk. This system is made to be easily enforceable the experiment in the coastal area. The experimental facility was arranged ashore about the reclaimed ground in Kure City. This facility was established in August, 2007, and 7 experiments are conducted. The working group advised the participant on the experimental methodology, and discussed the outcome of an experiment. The mechanism of the grant, the experiment support by the working group, and the experimental facility were additionally named the "OPEN FIELD LABORATORY".
  Because the environmental condition of the sea area was excellent, the experiment participant was able to achieve the result of the schedule. Moreover, a further result was able to be achieved by combining various experiments.

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  In recent years, size of container ships involved in the international container transport, and plays an increasingly important role in international trade is in the process.
  In this study, supersized container ships over 100,000 DWT class and the developments of large container terminals for the ships in the overseas major ports are put in order and coordination of design condition trend of international container terminals of deepwater is arranged.
  Thus, article of design conditions is utilize for the large container terminals development in our country.

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  The Panama Canal expansion of 2014 will give large influence on the world international maritime transport. This study analyzes this influence on U.S./East Asia containerized cargoes and bulk cargoes (grain).
  At first, present transit route are grasped by using newest data of Panama Canal transit statistics and PIERS data. Next, ship building trends and port development plans are analyzed from newest data. The information of new locks' operation is gathered by hearing to Panama Canal Authority. In addition, future transit route are forecasted and, Japanese port development policy is considered from this viewpoint.

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  It is inevitable to maintain the safety of cargo for vessels during the navigation. This study reveals some operational difficulties of cargo management in rough weathers from some interviews. These casualties tend to happen in weather conditions due to atmospheric depressions. Two cases of cargo damage happened in each ferry are analyzed in detail, using offshore wave and AIS database. Numerical simulations of ship motions reveal that roll motions of "A Maru" have increased more than three times after she has altered her course. It would cause the chaotic cargo shift by repeating roll motions in high waves. It is shown that condition of vessels, waves, and cargo loading are inevitable to estimate the safety of cargo damage. Offshore waves and AIS database make possible to estimate the situation of marine casualty on some level. In future studies, the relation between ship motions and cargo damage must be grasped, including dynamic forces to prevent these casualties.

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  For safe navigation, the information on navigation is very important. The safety of a sailing ship is demanded for the prevention of a marine disaster. The causes of a marine disaster are collision at the first and stranding of a ship secondly. The most of ship's stranding causes in the shallow water relatively of the coastal area. It is very important to propose the effective information of water depth for the prevention of ship's stranding. Also, the information of atmospheric and ocean is very important. The present paper proposes the effective presentation of information of water depth, atmospheric and ocean using GIS for prevention of ship's stranding. It was found that these information by the navigational simulation is effective.

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  It has been pointed out that the relation with the sea at an individual level is weaker than before in Japan. In contrast, it is expected that the people will hop for the local and regional resource to more attractive and active. Thus, we suggest an existing sightseeing boat as one of the method for the local revitalization.
  The aim of this study is to examine the navigation situation of the domestic passenger tramper and grape to the characteristics of vessel. As a result, the current passenger tramper was divided into three types; the cruse type, the round trip type and the back type. Finally, we gave it our consideration in the local and regional revitalization by using the sightseeing boat.

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  We examine the relationship between passage time and clime change in the North Pacific using a climate index, the North Pacific Index, as one of the basic studies with respect to the influence of navigation on climate change. We have performed the simple navigation simulation along the great circle route between Tokyo and San-Francisco. Although climate change (global atmospheric change), waves and navigation have different spatial and temporal scales, respectively, we show that there is some possibility of the relationship between navigation and climate change in the summer and autumn in spite of simple data arrangement. However, the relationship in the winter and spring seasons has not been significant.

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  The new technical standard for port and harbor facilities employs the performance-based design methodology. The selection of the design method is left to the discretion of the designers. The standard design method for the sliding stability of breakwaters is the partial factors method, however, the Monte Carlo Simulation method is also widely used for the evaluation of failure probability of caisson-type breakwaters in view of cumulative sliding displacement. Probabilistic consideration of evaluation of duration of extreme storms is important in the estimation of the cumulative sliding displacement.
  The objective of this research is to propose the estimation method of cumulative sliding displacement considering the probabilistic duration of extreme storms. The practical validity of the proposed method is confirmed by using the 32 design condition gathered from all over Japan.

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  Two-dimensional hydraulic model tests were conducted to reveal the characteristics of the wave overtopping and the wave force on a wave splash barrier on a block mound seawall constructed for a coastal road. Numerical analysis by MPS methods were also carried out to estimate the hydrodynamic force on a running vehicle by wave action. Based on the test results, the necessary height of a wave splash barrier was shown as a function of the incident wave height. Wave pressure on a wave splash barrier can be calculated by Goda's formula with the modification factors.

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  The probabilistic displacement of breakwaters is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. One of the problems of the application of the method is computational load and a more simple method is desirable for the practical design. This study aims at formulating the probability distributions of waves in front of breakwaters for the sake of reducing the computational load in the evaluation of failure probability. As the result of the study, we found that the component of the probability distributions of waves corresponding the occurrence of sliding can be attributed to either Weibull distribution or Type-III extreme value distribution.

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  A person on a slope-type revetment at B coast in Hokkaido died due to run-up wave in November, 2008. In the present study, the meteorological data when the accident occurred were collected. In order to reproduce the situation of the fall accident on the slope-type revetment, two-dimensional hydraulic model tests and numerical calculation were carried out to examine the wave force on a human body.The fall limit ratio was newly proposed for estimating the qualitative risk of person's fall accidents.Based on these results, the safety height from water surface was shown with wave height and slope angle of the revetment.A basic idea of the safety management was also proposed for slope-type revetments.

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   In marine works, it is important to get the wave prediction results for safety operation and work executable judgment. Recently, the advanced wave prediction method using the WAM model has been utilized generally in marine works. However, the accuracy of the wave prediction results is not clear in marine work conditions.
  GPV wind data (GSMgl,GSMjp) from the Japan Meteorological Agency is inputted to the WAM model. The wave prediction results of some calculation areas in the Pacific Ocean are compared with the wave measurement results of NOWPHAS. The critical wave heights and periods for possible work condition are 1.0m and 7.0s in marine works. The influence on wave prediction of calculation area is clear for marine works in the Pacific Ocean.

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  Particularly in early spring period, large secondary undulations, locally called Abiki, are frequently observed in narrow bays westward facing the East China Sea. Such events sometimes cause serious damage to cargo vessels and fishing boats. To protect fishing facilities from such disastrous secondary undulations, breakwaters or jetties have been placed as the countermeasure. The present study numerically analyzes the resonant properties against incoming long waves with different period in a narrow branched bay of Koshikijima Island, Kagoshima Pref., and investigates the effectiveness of placing breakwaters for reducing the heights of the secondary undulations. Several numerical simulations with varying breakwater positions are conducted, and the variations in resonant properties of a narrow branched bay are examined.

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