In this study, we developed composite membranes of biorenewable and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and cellulose for depth filtration. The membranes were prepared by coating PHA solutions in N,N-dimethylformamide onto cellulose lint cloth, followed by the phase separation method. Approximately half of the PHA porous layer was integrated into the cellulose fiber layer of the lint cloth. The average permeation flux was five-fold higher when yeast cell suspensions were filtered from the cloth side of the membrane than from the PHA side. The permeation behavior of filtration from the PHA side followed the cake filtration model, resulting in a dense cake layer. However, when the yeast suspension was filtered from the cloth side, yeast cells were captured in the cellulose fiber network, indicating a less increase in filtration resistance. These composite membranes are expected to facilitate the development of sustainable and efficient filter media in food and biochemical processes.